Pažnja kao faktor adaptivnih veština kod dece sa lakom intelektualnom ometenošću

Abstract

Pažnja se, kao bazična psihička funkcija, nalazi u osnovih niza kognitivnih, motoričkih i adaptivnih sposobnosti i veština. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrđivanje odnosa pažnje i adaptivnog ponašanja kod dece sa lakom intelektualnom ometenošću (LIO). Uzorkom je obuhvaćeno 95 dece sa LIO, uzrasta 10-14 godina. IQ ispitanika je u rasponu od 50 do 70 (AS=60,43; SD=7,287). Za procenu pažnje upotrebljen je zadatak Raspon cifara (auditivni domen) i Test Markiranja Traga - forma A (vizuelni domen), dok su podaci o adaptivnim veštinama dobijeni na osnovu standardizovanog intervjua s defektolozima, primenom AAMR Skale adaptivnog funkcionisanja. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na to da su auditivna (parcijalni η2=0,151) i vizuelna pažnja (parcijalni η2=0,196) značajan činilac adaptivnog ponašanja. Analizom pojedinačnih domena, utvrđeno je da je auditivna pažnja značajno povezana sa domenima Ekonomska aktivnost (p=0,002), Govorno-jezički razvoj (p=0,001), i Brojevi i vreme (p=0,001). Vizuelna pažnja je značajno povezana sa domenima Samostalno funkcionisanje (p=0,008), Ekonomska aktivnost (p≤0,000), Govorno-jezički razvoj(p=0,000), Brojevi i vreme (p≤0,000) i Samousmeravanje (p=0,016).

Adaptive behavior represents expression of various cognitive abilities and motor skills. With regard to the fact that attention, as a fundamental psychological function, underlies all these abilities, the aim of this research is to determine the influence of attention on adaptive skills in children with mild intellectual disability (MID). The sample consisted of 95 children with unspecified mild intellectual disability (MID), aged between 10 and 13.11. Their IQ ranges from 50 to 70 (M=60.43, SD=7.287). Auditory attention was assessed by Digit Span task, while visual attention was assessed by Trail Making Test - form A. Adaptive skills data were gained by means of a standardized interview with special education teachers, by applying AAMR Scale of Adaptive Functioning. Research results show that auditory (partial η2=0.151) and visual attention (partial η2=0,196) are significant factors of adaptive behavior. By analyzing individual domains, it was determined that auditory attention is significantly related to Economic Activity (p=0.002), Language Development (p=0.001), and Numbers and Time (p=0.001). Visual attention is significantly related to Independent Functioning (p=0.008), Economic Activity (p=0.000), Language Development (p=0.000), Numbers and Time (p=0.000), and Self- Direction (p=0.016).