Primena fokus-grupnog intervjua u istraživanjima dece i mladih

Abstract

U tekstu se izlažu osnovni principi fokus-grupnog intervjua i, posebno, specifičnosti primene ove tehnike u istraživanjima dece i mladih. Autorke konstatuju porast korišćenja ove tehnike u brojnim naučnim disciplinama i njenu značajnu frekventnost i raznovrsnost u istraživanju različitih oblasti koja se tiču ispitivanja ponašanja i stavova mlađih uzrasta. Oslanjajući se, kako na iskustva brojnih istraživača širom sveta, tako i na sopstvena iskustva u primeni ove istraživački tehnike u istraživanjima dece i mladih u Srbiji, autorke rezimiraju osnovne metodološke principe i elemente istraživanja u kojima se primenjuje fokus-grupno intervjuisanje: sastav grupe, uzrast ispitanika, veličinu grupe, trajanje intervjua, ulogu moderatora, vreme i mesto održavanja intervjua, pitanja za fokus-grupni intervju, sprovođenje fokus-grupnog intervjua, analizu podataka, etičke probleme primene fokus-grupnog istraživanja kod dece i mladih. Autorke zaključuju da adekvatno vođeno fokus-grupno intervjuisanje dece i mladih pruža velike mogućnosti na planu sticanja dubinskog uvida u široki dijapazon dečje percepcije, stavova, interesa, vrednosti i iskustva o velikom broju oblasti. Pravilna primena ove istraživačke metode takođe podrazumeva i poznavanje slabosti i ograničenja fokus-grupnog intervjua, kao i dobro poznavanje principa grupne dinamike i interakcije na kojima se temelji ovaj istraživački pristup.

Basic principles of focus groups interview in general, and specific features of usage of this technique in research of children and young are described in the text. Authors identify rise in usage of this technique in numerous scientific disciplines and its significant frequency and diversity in research of different fields concerning behaviour and attitudes of the young. Relying on expirience of researches worldwide in usage of focus groups interview as well as on own expiriences in usage of this technique in research of children and the young in Serbia, authors summarize basic methodological principles and elements of research in which focus groups interview are applied: composition of the group, age of the respondents, size of the group, duration of the interview, role of the moderator, time and place of the interview, questions for focus groups interview, conductiong of focus groups interview, data analysis, ethical problems concernig usage of focus groups interview with children and young. Authors conclude that adequate conducted focus groups interview of children and the young give great possibilities in terms of acquiring deep insight in wide spectrum of child perception, attitudes, concerns, values and expiriences in number of fields. Proper usage of this research technique also implies knowing of the weaknesses and limitations of the focus groups interview as well as good knowledge of group dynamic principles and interactions upon which this research approach is built.