Dejstvo muzike na decu ometenu u razvoju u institucionalnim uslovima

Abstract

Obzirom na ekstenzivne nalaze u literaturi koji ukazuju na pozitivne promene u ponašanju pod dejstvom pasivnog primanja ili aktivnog slušanja odabrane muzike na svim uzrastima, kako u redovnoj, tako i u populaciji sa dodatnim potrebam, započeli smo istraživanje pasivnog primanja odabranih dela klasične i ambijentalne muzike na uzorku 46 štićenika Doma za decu i omladinu ometenu u razvoju u Veterniku. Istraživanje je trajalo dva meseca, od februara do aprila 2009g. Odabrano delo klasične muzike emitovano je za vreme tzv. usmerenih aktivnosti, dok je delo ambijentalnog stila emitovano za vreme slobodnih aktivnosti - oba kao „pozadinska“(background) muzika.Očekivali smo i utvrdili promene u kvalitetu pažnje i komunikacije,(hipoteze 1i 2) kao i smanjenju agresivnog, destruktivnog i hiperaktivnog ponašanja (hipoteza 3). Pokazalo se takođe da su u navedenim promenama značajne varijable bile pol i stepen oštećenja izražen kroz nalaz komisisje za razvrstavanje, ali ne i uzrast.Dobijeni nalazi nam otvaraju mogućnost dubljih istraživanja ne samo vrste efekata koje muzika može imati na ponašanje ispitivane populacije, već i vrste osobina i kvaliteta oštećenja koji mogu biti intervenišuće varijable u stepenu i domenu dejstva muzike na tu istu populaciju

The transformational powers of music in health, education and well-being are well established in relevant literature. Moreover,music is gaining the reputation of having more power than is genereally appreciated, especially as so-called background music in regular, as well as population with special needs., regardless of age. Therefore, we started an investigation on impact of chosen pieces of classical and ambiental style, used as background music during occupational activities and resting pauses between them in Stationary for children and youth with developmental difficulties in Veternik. We had 46 subjects, devided in four groups. Study ran for two months. We expected and actually managed to confirm considerable impact of given music on quality of attention and communication (hypothesis 1 and 2) as well as decrease of agressive, destructive and hyperactive behaviour (hypothesis3). Besides, we found that gender and degree of impairment played a significant role in degree of behaviour changes, while age did not. We are encouraged now to look for deeper insight in not only the type of effects that music induces, but also in personal traits and quality of impairment which can intervene in degree and domain of music impact on given population.