@conference{
author = "Pavlović, Dragan and Pavlović, Aleksandra",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Uvod: Vitamin B12 ili kobalamin je hidrosolubilni vitamin koji učestvuje u
stvaranju kateholamina, dezoksiribonukleinske kiseline, mijelina i u hematopoezi.
On je esencijalan faktor u intrauterinom razvoju mozga i mijelinizaciji
sve do puberteta, pa i kasnije. Ljudski organizam nema sposobnost sinteze
kobalamina, pa je zavistan od unosa ishranom ili supstitucijom.
Cilj: Pregled savremene literature o deficijenciji vitamina B12 kod dece i adolescenata,
prikaz
tipične
kliničke
slike i
diskusija
terapijskih
pristupa.
Metode:
Pretraga
elektronskih
baza
podataka
u
sklopu
servisa
Konzorcijuma
biblioteka
Srbije
za
objedinjenu
nabavku
(KOBSON)
sa
ključnim
rečima:
vitamin
B12,
kobalamin,
deficijencija,
deca,
adolescenti.
Rezultati:
Deficit
vitamina
B12
je
čest
među
decom
i
omladinom
u
zemlјama
u
razvoju,
ali
sve
češće
i
u
razvijenim
zemljama.
Kod
dece
postoje
tri
osnovna
uzroka
deficijencije:
1.
smanjen
unos,
2.
poremećaj
resorpcije,
3. urođeni
poremećaji transporta i metabolizma. Snižen nivo vitamina B12 u krvi
povezan je sa negativnim ishodom trudnoće po majku i dete, podižući rizik
za
razvojne
anomalije,
spontani
pobačaj,
preeklampsiju
i
nisku
težinu
deteta
na
rođenju.
Neuropsihološke
posledice
kod
dece
su
kognitivni
poremećaji
(smetnje
pažnje,
pamćenja
i
sniženje
akademskog
postignuća),
izmene
afekta
i
ponašanja.
Nekoliko
kohortnih
studija
pokazalo
je
povezanost
nivoa
vitamina
B12 u krvi ili zastupljenost u ishrani majke sa kognitivnim ishodima kod
dece. Međutim, najveći broj do sada objavljenih studija o negativnom uticaju
sniženog nivoa vitamina B12 na kognitivni status dece je opservacionog tipa,
te ne mogu potvrditi kauzalnu povezanost. Dijagnoza deficita vitamina B12
zasniva se na kliničkoj slici, neurološkom i psihijatrijskom nalazu, ispitivanju
kognicije i laboratorijskoj dijagnostici, koja obuhvata cirkulatorne i funkcionalne
biomarkere.
Nadoknada
deficita
kobalamina
je
podjednako
efikasna
i
parenteralno i
oralno,
ukoliko se
daju
adekvatne
doze.
Zaključak:
Nedostatak
vitamina
B12
je
relativno
čest
među
decom
i
omladinom
i
dovodi
do
neuroloških
i
psihijatrijskih
smetnji
koje,
ako
se
ne
leče,
mogu
dovesti
do
ireverzibilnih
promena., Introduction: Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water- soluble vitamin
that participates in the synthesis of catecholamines, deoxyribonucleic acid, myelin, and
hematopoiesis. It is an essential factor in the intrauterine development of the brain and
myelination, extending through puberty, and later on in life. The human body lacks the
ability to synthesize cobalamin, thus depending on dietary intake or supplementation.
Aim: Review of current literature on vitamin B12 deficiency in children and adolescents,
typical presentation and therapeutic approach.
Methods: Literature search via electronic database within the Serbian Library
Consortium for Coordinated Acquisition (KOBSON) with keywords: vitamin B12, cobalamin,
deficiency, children, adolescents.
Results: Vitamin B12 deficiency is common among children and adolescents in
developing countries, but it is becoming increasingly prevalent in developed countries as well. In children, there are three main causes of deficiency: 1. Reduced intake, 2. Impaired
absorption, 3. Inherited transport and metabolism disorders. Decreased levels of vitamin B12
in the blood are associated with adverse outcomes for both the mother and child during
pregnancy, increasing the risk of developmental abnormalities, spontaneous abortion,
preeclampsia, and low birth weight. Neuropsychological consequences in children include
cognitive disorders (attention deficits, memory impairments, and decreased academic
achievement), changes in mood, and behavior. Several cohort studies have shown an
association between vitamin B12 levels in the blood or maternal dietary intake and cognitive
outcomes in children. However, the majority of published studies on the negative impact of
low vitamin B12 levels on the cognitive status of children are observational in nature and
cannot confirm a causal relationship. The diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency is based on
clinical presentation, neurological and psychiatric findings, cognitive testing, and laboratory
diagnostics, which include circulating and functional biomarkers. Replenishment of
cobalamin deficiency is equally effective via parenteral and oral routes if adequate doses are
administered.
Conclusion: Vitamin B12 deficiency is relatively common among children and adolescents,
and it leads to neurological and psychiatric impairments that, if left untreated, can result in
irreversible changes.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Beogradu – Fakultet za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju University of Belgrade – Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation",
journal = "Zbornik radova - 12. Međunarodni naučni skup Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija danas Beograd, 27–28. oktobar 2023. Godine",
title = "Status vitamina b12 i razvoj dece, Vitamin b12 status and development in children and adolescents",
pages = "587-581",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rfasper_5387"
}
