The articulation of voices in the Serbian language in isolated words and sentences in deaf and hard of hearing children attending elementary school who have hearing aids or cochlear implants

Abstract

In the period from birth to one year of age significant changes take place in the domain of speech and language, that is, there is great development in a child’s articulation of vocals. The development of speech and language in deaf and hard of hearing children is ensued by a series of deviations from spontaneous development. Difficulties which emerge in the adoption of speech as a result of inadequate auditory input are manifested in both the language and speech of the deaf and hard of hearing. Mastering of the vocal system of a native tongue is a necessary precondition for further development of language and speech. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the articulation of vocals of the Serbian language in isolated words and sentences in deaf and hard of hearing children of elementary school age, who wore a hearing aid or cochlear implant. The sample consisted of 46 deaf and hard of hearing pupils, enrolled in grades four to eight of elementary school (37 with hearing aids and 9 with cochlear implants). The instruments utilized in this study were two segments of the List for evaluating articulations in isolated words and sentences (N. Dimic). The list consists of 30 words which include all vocals of the Serbian language in their initial position. When enouncing the voices in isolated sentences the pupils were required to, based on a given picture, enounce its title or to repeat a given word, given / spoken by the examiner. Whence articulating voices in sentences the pupils were required to read eleven sentences in which words from the articulation list were found. The obtained results show that there exist certain specificities in the articulation of deaf and hard of hearing children with hearing aids and cochlear implants in isolated words and sentences. Pupils with cochlear implants obtained better results in comparison with the pupils with hearing aids.

U periodu od rođenja do prve godine života događaju se velike govorno-jezičke promene, tj. veliki napredak deteta u artikulaciji glasova. Razvoj govora i jezika kod gluve i nagluve dece praćen je nizom odstupanja od spontanog razvoja. Teškoće koje nastaju u usvajanju govora usled neadekvatnog auditivnog inputa manifestuju se u govoru i jeziku gluvih i nagluvih. Ovladavanje glasovnim sistemom maternjeg jezika neophodan je uslov za dalji razvoj govora i jezika. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se ispita artikulacija glasova srpskog jezika u izolovanim rečima i rečenicama kod gluve i nagluve dece osnovnoškolskog uzrasta, koji su nosili slušni aparat ili kohlearni implant Uzorak je činilo 46 gluvih i nagluvih učenika, uzrasta od četvrtog do osmog razreda osnovne škole (37 sa slušnim aparatima i 9 sa kohlearnim implantom). Instrument u ovom istraživanju bila su dva segmenta Liste za procenu izgovora u izolovanim rečima i rečenicama (N. Dimić). Lista sadrži 30 reči u kojima se nalaze svi glasovi srpskog jezika u inicijalnom položaju. Prilikom izgovora glasova u izolovanim rečima od učenika se zahtevalo da na osnovu slike izgovore njen naziv ili da posle izgovorene reči od strane ispitivača ponove izgovorenu reč. Prilikom izgovora glasova u rečenicama od učenika se zahtevalo da pročitaju jedanaest rečenica, u kojima se nalaze reči iz artikulacione liste. Dobijeni rezultati pokazali su da postoje određene specifičnosti artikulacije gluve i nagluve dece sa slušnim aparatima i kohlearnim implantom u izolovanim rečima i rečenicama. Učenici sa kohlearnim implantom postigli su bolje rezultate u odnosu na učenike sa slušnim aparatima.