Poremećaj čitanja kod lezija anteriornih i posteriornih Oblasti mozga

Abstract

Uvod: Proces čitanja se ostvaruje uz učešće većeg broja moždanih oblasti koje imaju specifičnu ulogu u realizaciji ove jezičke funkcije. Pokazano je da kvalitativna analiza grešaka i lokalizacija moždane lezije značajno doprinose izboru odgovarajućih metoda tretmana. Cilj: Cilj ovog rada je utvrđivanje značaja neuroanatomskog pristupa analizi poremećaja čitanja u tretmanu aleksije. Metode: Uzorak se sastojao od 30 ispitanika, od kojih je 15 imalo nefluentnu, a 15 fluentnu afaziju. Dijagnoza afazije postavljena je na osnovu Bostonske baterije testova za afazije. U uzorak su uključeni ispitanici sa afazijom vaskularne etiologije kod kojih je magnetnom rezonancom identifikovano mesto lezije. Procena sposobnosti čitanja izvršena je Subtestom čitanja Bostonske baterije testova za afazije i Testom čitanja reči. Statistička značajnost razlika proveravana je Man-Vitnijevim U testom. Rezultati: Rezultati su pokazali da se obrazac poremećaja čitanja kod lezije anteriornih oblasti mozga razlikuje od poremećaja čitanja koji nastaje kao posledica lezije posteriornih oblasti. Statistički značajna razlika (p < 0,05) pokazana je na Subtestu čitanja reči (309,000) i rečenica (293,500), kao i na Testu čitanja reči za konkretne imenice (306,000) i apstraktne imenice (288,000), dok za funkcionalne reči i nereči nije pronađena statistička značajnost. Takođe je pokazano da je aleksija izraženija kod lezije posteriornih oblasti mozga. Zaključak: Kvalitativnom analizom dobijenih podataka može se zaključiti da obrazac grešaka u čitanju korelira sa tipom afazičkog sindroma, tj. mestom moždane lezije. Ovaj nalaz ukazuje na potrebu diferenciranog pristupa u tretmanu aleksije.

Introduction: The reading process is realized with the participation of a large number of brain areas which have a specific role in the realization of this language function. It has been demonstrated that conducting a qualitative analysis of reading errors and identifying brain lesions can significantly contribute to selecting appropriate treatment methods. Aim: This study aims to determine the importance of using a neuroanatomical approach in analyzing reading disorders in alexia treatment. Methods: The sample consisted of 30 participants, with 15 having non- fluent aphasia and 15 having fluent aphasia. The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination was used for the diagnosis of aphasia. The sample included subjects with aphasia of vascular etiology in whom the location of the lesion was identified by magnetic resonance imaging. The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination Reading Subtest and the Word Reading Test were used for reading ability assessment. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used for statistical analysis of the group differences. Results: The results showed that reading disorders resulting from lesions in the anterior areas of the brain differ from those resulting from lesions in the posterior areas. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was shown on the Word Reading Subtest (309.000) and sentences (293.500), as well as on the Word Reading Test for concrete nouns (306.000) and abstract nouns (288.000), while no statistical significance was found for functional words and non-words. Additionally, the study found that alexia is more pronounced in cases where the lesion is in the posterior areas of the brain. Conclusion: Upon qualitative analysis of the collected data, it can be concluded that the reading error patterns correlate with the type of aphasic syndrome, i.e., at the location of the brain lesion. This finding highlights the importance of a differentiated approach in the treatment of alexia.