Fonološka svesnost kod dece mlađeg školskog uzrasta: Preliminarno ispitivanje

Abstract

Fonološka svesnost se intenzivno razvija tokom predškolskog i mlađeg škol- skog uzrasta. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi nivo fonološke svesno- sti kod dece mlađeg školskog uzrasta tipičnog razvoja, kojima je srpski jezik maternji. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 50 ispitanika oba pola, 27 dečaka (54%) i 23 devojčice (46%). Ispitanici su podeljeni u dve uzrasne grupe, prvu grupu činilo je 26 ispitanika, uzrasta od sedam do osam godina i šest meseci, a drugu grupu 24 ispitanika uzrasta od osam godina i šest meseci do devet godina i devet meseci. Za procenu fonološke svesnosti primenjen je FONT test – Test fonološke svesnosti, koji sadrži osam tipova zadataka. Rezultati su pokazali da postignuće na testu zavisi od težine zadatka. Najveći proce- nat uspešnosti utvrđen je na zadatku spajanja slogova (99,3%), a najmanji na zadatku eliminacija početnog fonema (69%). Nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika u postgnućima između dečaka i devojčica, izuzev na za- datku eliminacije početnog fonema, gde su devojčice bile znatno uspešnije. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da deca mlađeg školskog uzrasta imaju relativno visoko razvijenu fonološku svesnost.

Phonological awareness develops intensively during preschool and younger school age. The main goal of this research was to determine the level of phonological awareness of Serbian speaking young school age typical language development children. The study included 50 respondents of both sexes, 27 boys (54%) and 23 girls (46%). Acorrding to the age, the respondents were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 26 respondents, aged seven to eight years and six months, and the second group of 24 respondents aged eight years and six months to nine years and nine months. For the assessment of phonological awareness, the FONT test – the Phonological Awareness Test was used, which contains eight types of tasks. The results showed that the achievement on the test depends on the difficulty of the task. Respondents showed the highest percentage of success on the task of joining syllables (99.3%), and the lowest on the task of eliminating the initial phoneme (69%). No statistically significant difference in achievement was found between boys and girls, except for the task of eliminating the initial phoneme, where girls were significantly more successful. Based on the results, we can conclude that children of young school age have a relatively highly developed phonological awareness.