Inkluzija u nastavi fizičkog vaspitanja i sportu

Abstract

Postoji međunarodna saglasnost za ideju da fizička aktivnost i sport mogu predstavljati strategije društvene inkluzije, kao i da osobe sa smetnjama i teškoćama u razvoju poseduju kapacitete za uče-stvovanje u ovim aktivnostima. Ipak, procesi kroz koje intervencije zasnovane na fizičkoj aktivnosti i sportu mogu uticati na inkluzivne ishode još uvek zahtevaju sveobuhvatnu i kontinuiranu istragu. Cilj ovog rada je da kroz pregled izvora naučne produkcije sa međunarodnih naučnih skupova, naučnih časopisa iz oblasti sportskih i društvenih nauka, kao i referentne literature, ukaže na probleme i perspektive razvoja nastave inkluzivnog fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta. Podaci su prikupljeni pregle-dom dostupnih štampanih izvora i elektronskih baza ERIC, JSTOR, Google Scholar, sa odgovarajućim ključnim rečima. Rezultati analize ukazuju da postoji više faktora koji utiču na nastavu fizičkog vaspitanja u inklu-zivnom obrazovnom kontekstu (stavovi nastavnika i učenika, kompetencije nastavnika, pristupačnost i sl.) kao i da je inkluzija u sportu uslovljena kako ličnim (priroda same smetnje, zdravlje, motivacija i sl.) tako i fak-torima vezanim za društvenu sredinu (pristupačnost, kreiranje i primena adaptiranih fizičkih aktivnosti i sl.).

There is an international consensus that physical activity and sport can be used as strategies for social inclusion, as well as that people with disabilities have the capacity to participate in these activities. However, interventions based on physical activity and sport and their processes that can influence inclusive outcomes are yet to be continuously and comprehensively investigated. The aim of this paper is to point out the problems and perspectives of the development of inclusive physical education and sport by providing an overview of scientific production sources from international scientific conferences, scientific journals in the field of sports and social sciences, as well as reference literature. Data were collected by reviewing available print sources and electronic databases suh asERIC, JSTOR, and Google Scholar etc., using relevant keywords. The results indicate that there are several factors which influence physical education and its teaching methods in an inclusive educational context (attitudes of students and teachers, teachers’ competencies, approachability, etc.), and that inclusion in sport is dependent on both personal (nature of the disability, health, motivation, etc.) and social environment factors (accessibility, creating and implementing planned physical activities adapted for students with disabilities, etc.).