Čitanje govora sa usana kod odraslih gluvih i nagluvih

Abstract

Posmatranjem lica i usana, naročito kada nastupe nepovoljni sredinski čini- oci, naglašava se potreba svake osobe da dodatno razjasni poruku koju joj šalje sagovornik. Čitanje govora sa usana je složena aktivnost, zavisi od percepcije, ali i puno različitih mentalnih operacija. Gluve i nagluve osobe se u svojoj komunikaciji izuzetno oslanjaju na ovaj proces. Osnovni cilj rada je da se pregledom dostupne literature ukaže na značaj čitanja govora sa usana sagovornika kod odraslih gluvih i nagluvih osoba. Primenjene su metode analize i evaluacije relevantne dostupne literature. Dolazi se do brojnih podataka o specifičnostima, karakteristikama i činio- cima koji utiču na čitanje govora sa usana. Ističu se razlike u primeni, načinu učenja i savladavanja ovog procesa kod osoba koje su rođene gluve, kod kasnije oglu- velih, ali i kod nagluvih. Čitanje govora sa usana je za gluve i nagluve put za obrazovanje, komunikaciju sa okolinom, kao i način da se lakše „čuje” i savladava govor. Kod gluvih osoba (sa urođenom gluvoćom i onih koje su izgubile sluh na najranijem uzrastu) čitanje govora sa usana je znatno zahtevnije i složenije, nego kod kasnije ogluvelih ili kod nagluvih osoba. Ističe se i značaj savladavanja ove veštine kod odraslih osoba sa prezbiakuzijom.

In observing the face and lips, especially when unfavourable environmental factors ensue, the need of each person to have the message sent by an interlocutor additionally clarified is emphasised. Lipreading is a complex activity, which depends on perception, but also on different mental operations. Deaf and hard of hearing persons rely on this process in their communication to a great extent. The main goal of the study is to point to the significance of lipreading from the lips of interlocutors with deaf and hard of hearing adults through the review of the available literature. The methods of analysis and evaluation of relevant available literature were applied. Numerous datа on the specific features, characteristics and factors which affect lipreading are obtained. The differences in application and ways of learning and mastering this process with persons who were born deaf, who became deaf at a later stage, but also with the hard of hearing are emphasised. For the deaf and hard of hearing, lipreading is the path for education, communication with the surroundings as well as the way to “hear” and learn speech more easily. Lipreading is much more demanding and complex with deaf persons (with congenital deafness and those who lost hearing at the earliest age) than with those became deaf at a later age and with heard of hearing persons. The significance of mastering this skill with adults with presbyacusis is emphasised.