Efekti programa majndfulnes intervencije kod roditelja i njihove dece sa ADHD – pregled radova

Abstract

Poremećaj pažnje sa hiperkinetskim poremećajem (AttentionDeficit/Hyperactivity Disorder  ADHD) je jedan od najčešće registrovanih neurorazvojnih poremećaja, čije manifestacije značajno ugrožavaju kvalitet života i predstavljaju rizik za mentalno zdravlje ne samo osobe sa ADHD, već i članova njene porodice. Cilj rada je prikaz efekata programa intervencije zasnovane na majndfulnes pristupu kojom su obuhvaćeni roditelji i njihova deca sa ADHD, kao i metodologije evaluacije ovog tipa intervencije. Pristup studijama obuhvaćenim ovim radom omogućen je upotrebom baza podataka Google Scholar, KOBSON, EBSCO, SAGE i Wiley. Na osnovu rezultata većine analiziranih radova, može se zaključiti da se primenom mindfulness tehnika unapređuje upotreba strategija samoregulacije, uspešnije rešavaju konflikati na relaciji roditelji-deca sa ADHD, umanjuje se nivo doživljenog stresa i poboljšava kvalitet porodičnih odnosa. Takođe je utvrđeno da ovaj oblik intervencije utiče na snižavanje teškoća vezanih za održavanje pažnje i učestalost ispoljavanja hiperaktivnog ponašanja i impulsivnog reagovanja kod dece i adolescenata sa ADHD. Pored prikaza efekata intervencije, analizirana su najčešće uočena metodološka ograničenja odabranih studija. Na osnovu rezultata analiziranih radova, može se zaključiti da intervencije zasnovane na mindfulnes tehnikama usmerene na porodicu, predstavljaju jedan od načina unapređenja kvaliteta života dece sa ADHD i njihovih roditelja.

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly registered neurodevelopmental disorders, whose manifestations significantly endanger the quality of life and pose a risk to the mental health of not only people with ADHD, but also their family members. The aim of this paper is to present the effects of intervention program based on the mindfulness approach that includes parents and their children with ADHD, as well as methodologies for evaluating this type of intervention. Access to the studies covered by this paper is provided by using the databases Google Scholar, KOBSON, EBSCO, SAGE and Wiley. Based on the results of most of the analyzed papers, it can be concluded that the use of mindfulness techniques improves the use of self-regulatory strategies, conflicts between parents of children with ADHD are more successfully resolved, the level of stress is reduced and the quality of family relationships is improved. It has also been established that this form of intervention reduces the difficulties associated with maintaining attention and the frequency of hyperactive behavior and impulsive reactions in children and adolescents with ADHD. In addition to the presentation of the effects of the intervention, the most frequently observed methodological limitations of the research included in the selected literature were analyzed. Based on the results of the analyzed works, it can be concluded that interventions based on mindfulness techniques aimed at the family are one of the ways to improve the quality of life of children with ADHD and their parents.