Drawing quality in younger schoolchildren

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to determine the developmental level of drawing skills in younger schoolchildren, bearing in mind that the quality of drawing depends on the organization level of practognostic abilities, most important components of which are visual attention, visual perception, visual memory, visuo-spatial, visuo-constructive, and motor abilities. The sample consists of 400 pupils aged between 8 and 11, attending II, III, and IV grade of Belgrade elementary schools. Subtests Shapes Drawing and Drawing of ACADIA developmental abilities test were used to assess drawing skills. Results analysis determined that the participants' achievements in the area of drawing are somewhat better (however not statistically significant - p>0.05) than their achievements in tasks involving copying shapes where a more prominent dispersion is determined. Most results (81.8%) on Shapes Drawing subtest are age appropriate, while 18.2% deviate from age norms, out of which 4% deviate from the defined norms by two or more SD and 14.2% by one SD. Statistically significant relation was determined between the grades these pupils attend and the quality of drawing (p≤0.000 - 0.001). Girls' achievements on subtests Shapes Drawing (p=0.048) and Drawing (p=0.001) are statistically significantly better than boys' achievements. Statistically significant difference in results ranks between boys and girls was determined on subtest Drawing (p=0.029), while the deviation is equally distributed on subtest Shapes Drawing (p=0.029).

Imajući u vidu da kvalitet crteža zavisi od nivoa organizovanosti praktognostičkih sposobnosti, čije su najvažnije komponente vizuelna pažnja, vizuelna percepcija, vizuelno pamćenje, vizuospacijalne, vizuokonstruktivne i motoričke sposobnosti, kao osnovni cilj rada definisali smo utvrđivanje nivoa razvoja veštine crtanja kod dece mlađeg školskog uzrasta. Uzorkom je obuhvaćeno 400 učenika II-IV razreda beogradskih osnovnih škola, uzrasta 8-11 godina. Za procenu veštine crtanja korišćeni su subtestovi Crtanje oblika i Crtanje ACADIA testa razvojnih sposobnosti. Analizom rezultata utvrđeno je da su postignuća ispitanika u oblasti crtanja nešto bolja (ali ne i statistički značajno - p>0.05) od postignuća na zadacima precrtavanja oblika, gde se zapaža i izraženija disperzija. Rezultati većine (81.8%) ispitanika na subtestu Crtanje oblika pripada kategoriji očekivanih prema uzrastu, postignuća 18.2% odstupaju od normi za uzrast, i to 4% dve ili više SD od definisanih normi, a 14.2% jednu SD. Utvrđeno je prisustvo statistički značajne povezanosti između razreda koji ispitanici pohađaju i kvaliteta crtanja (p≤0.000-0.001). Postignuća devojčica na subtestovima Crtanje oblika (p=0.048) i Crtanje (p=0.001) su statistički značajno bolja od postignuća dečaka. Statistički značajna razlika rangova rezultata između dečaka i devojčica je utvrđena na subtestu Crtanje (p=0.029), dok je na subtestu Crtanje oblika distribucija odstupanja ravnomerna (p=0.029).