Trajno i adolescencijom limitirano antisocijalno ponašanje mladih

Abstract

U radu se kritički analiziraju osnovni postulati i empirijske provere glavnih hipoteza jedne od najuticajnijih taksonomija u području psihologije poremećaja ponašanja. Reč je o razvojnoj taksonomiji Moffittove koja je poslužila kao osnov za aktuelnu tipologiju poremećaja u ponašanju u DSM-IV, koja zastupa stanovište da se sveukupno prestupništvo može definisati dvema različitim razvojnim putanjama koje vode u kriminal: Jednom vezanom za trajno, hronično, antisocijalno ponašanje i drugom vezanom za antisocijalno ponašanje limitirano na adolescenciju. Ispitivana je održivost teze o dominaciji hereditarnog udela u trajnom modelu antisocijalnog ponašanja kao i teze o predominaciji uticaja vršnjačkih grupa u adolescentnom modelu. Razmatrani su i istraživački nalazi o razlikama u pogledu obima, težine krivičnih dela i kriminalnog povrata, između dva navedena modela delinkvencije. Ukazano je na pojavu novijih empirijskih nalaza koji impliciraju postojanje još jednog oblika antisocijalnog ponašanja, koga izvorna razvojna taksonomija ne postulira. Ističe se neophodnost provere tog modela delinkvencije koji je najbliži onom koji se u kriminologiji naziva.“intermitentni“ oblik prestupništva. Zaključeno je da psihološki činioci, bilo da su pod većim uticajem nasleđa (kao u prvom modelu) ili pod izrazitijim uticajem sredine (u drugom modelu), imaju ključan udeo u antisocijalnom ponašanju, pa je prioritetan zadatak u prevenciji kriminala da se iz razvojne psihološke perspektive koncipiraju diferencirani strateški pristupi u području primarne, sekundarne i tercijalne prevencije, za svaki od mogućih empirijski potvrđenih trasiranih putanja u prestupništvo.

In this paper author critically analyzed basic postulates and contemporary empirical validations of the main hypothesis of one of most prominent taxonomy in the area of the psychology of conduct disorders. It is Moffitt’s development taxonomy that served as empirical basis for the actual typology of conduct disorders in the latest DSM-IV classification of mental disorders. The main idea of this scientific point is that all offending in the world could be defined by two different development paths to criminal. One of them is antisocial behavior persistent through-life-course and another is the adolescent limited antisocial behavior. In this article the sustainable of the thesis of domination of heredity share in the model of persistent antisocial behavior through the life course, and predominant influence of peer groups in adolescent limited model of antisocial behavior were explored. Empirical findings about differences in volume, seriousness of crime and criminal re-offences between two models of delinquencies were analyzed. Author emphasized the arisen of the new one mode of antisocial behavior found in contemporary psychological investigations that could implicate the existence of new one, i.e. third antisocial path that original development taxonomy does not take into account. The necessity of additional empirical verification of this model of delinquencies, similar to one in criminology named as intermittently was suggested. It was concluded that psychological factors, nevertheless are they under the dominant influence of heredity (as in first model) or peer groups (as in second model), have the key share in antisocial behavior. So primarily task in prevention of crime is to conceptualize different strategic approaches from development perspective in the area of primarily, secondary and tertiary prevention for every possible empirical proven paths toward offending.