Deca ulice i maloletnička delinkvencija

Abstract

Deca ulice, odbegla deca, beskućnici i urbana deca u riziku, samo su neki od termina koji se koriste kako bi se ukazalo na činjenicu da deca koja žive i/ili rade na ulicama brojnih gradova širom sveta predstavljaju jednu od najugroženijih grupa koje zahtevaju urgentnu pažnju stručne i naučne javnosti. Društvena marginalizovanost i visoka mobilnost ove populacije svakako otežavaju utvrđivanje broja dece koja žive i/ili rade na ulicama, no ipak, postojeće procene međunarodnih organizacija sugerišu da je ovaj fenomen poprimio globalne razmere i da se broj dece ulice u svetu izražava u milionima. Kompleksnost pojave ispoljava se pre svega u multifaktorskoj uslovljenosti, izloženosti različitim rizicima, posebno rizicima od viktimizacije i rizicima vezanim za različita delinkventna ponašanja, ali i drugim problemima koji su najčešće tesno povezani sa širim pitanjima marginalnih grupa i društvene isključenosti. Polazeći od analize rezultata istraživanja sprovedenih u svetu i u Srbiji, rad ima za cilj da identifikuje karakteristike dece ulice, faktore koji doprinose nastanku i održanju ove pojave, rizike od raznih oblika viktimizacije, da analizira vezu između dece ulice i maloletničke delinkvencije, kao i da ukaže na moguće društvene odgovore.

Children who are living and/or working on the streets of numerous cities worldwide (variously termed Street children, runaways, homeless and urban children at risk) present one of the most vulnerable groups and require urgent expert and scientific attention. Social marginalization and high mobility of this population certainly represent serious obstacles for determining the precise number of children who are living and/or working on the streets. Nevertheless, current estimates by international organizations suggest that this phenomenon has global dimensions. Also, the international organizations suggest that the number of street children can be expressed in their millions. The complexity of the phenomenon is connected to many of the factors that influence it: the exposure of children to different risks, particularly to risks of victimization and risks connected to different delinquent behaviors, but also to other problems which are often closely connected to wider problems of marginalization and social exclusion. Starting from the analysis of the findings of the surveys conducted worldwide and in Serbia, the aim of this paper is to identify characteristics of the street children and the factors which contribute to development and existence of this phenomenon. It seeks to analyze connection between street children and juvenile delinquency, and also to draw attention to the potential social responses.