Upoznaj, pa sudi: stavovi i korelati stavova studenata fakulteta za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju prema osobama s ometenošću

Abstract

Istraživanje je imalo za cilj ispitivanje strukture i korelata stavova prema osobama s ometenošću. Na uzorku od 313 studenata prve godine Fakulteta za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju (Ž=283; M=30) primenjena je poluprojektivna revidirana Multidimenzionalna skala za ispitivanje stavova prema ometenima (Multidimensional Attitude Scale; MAS; Findler, Vilčinski & Verner, 2007). MAS ima subskale za emocionalnu, kognitivnu i bihejvioralnu komponentu stavova. Eksplorativna faktorska analiza uz Promaks rotaciju faktora ukazuje na složenu strukturu ovih subskala. Ekstrahovana su po dva faktora za svaku subskalu. Subskala Emocije uključuje dve glavne komponente koje obuhvataju dve grupe negativnih emocija, nazvane negativne emocije 1, tj. emocije koje blokiraju ponašanje približavanja i negativne emocije 2, koje vode izbegavanju ometene osobe. Na subskali Kognicija izolovane su komponente nazvane zbunjujuće misli, tj. misli koje blokiraju ponašanje približavanja i pozitivne misli, koje vode ponašanju približavanja. Na subskali Ponašanje izolovane su komponente koje smo nazvali ponašnje približavanja i ponašanje izbegavanja. Pokazalo se da je poznavanje ometene osobe najbolji prediktor osećanja, kognicija i ponašanja koje kod ispitanika izaziva prisustvo ometene osobe. Nađene su razlike prema polu ispitanika na faktorima subskale Emocija i u odnosu ispitanika prema ometenim osobama različitog pola. Rezultati nedvosmisleno upućuju na to da je na nivou društva u celini potrebno promovisati kontakt sa ometenim osobama. Potrebna su dalja istraživanja radi otkrivanja eventualnih razlika u stavovima u odnosu na studente završnih godina studija, u odnosu na studente drugačijih profesionalnih opredeljenja i u odnosu na opštu populaciju.

This study is intended to reveal the structure of attitudes toward persons with disabilities and the factors correlating these attitudes. A sample of 313 students attending first semester at the Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation (F=283, M=30) completed the half-projective revised Multidimensional Attitude Scale (MAS, Findler, Vilchinsky, Werner, 2007)) constructed to explore attitudes toward persons with disabilities. MAS scale consists of three subscales intended to measure emotional, cognitive and behavioural dimensions of the attitude.. Explorative factor analysis with Promax rotation points to complex factorial structure of these subscales. For each subscale two dimensions were extracted. The emotional subscale refers to two components comprising two groups of negative emotions labelled i. Negative emotions 1, (emotions inhibiting approaching behaviours), and ii. Negative emotions 2 (leading to avoidant behaviours). The cognitive subscale yields two components labelled i. Perplexed thoughts ( that inhibit approaching behaviours) and ii. Positive thoughts (that lead to approaching behaviours). Behaviour subscale revealed two factors labelled as Approaching behaviours and Avoidant behaviours. Having contact with disabled person has been identified as the best attitudinal predictor. The differences were found with regard to the gender of the subjects, concerning factors of the emotional subscale, and in regard subjects’ attitudes toward disabled persons of different sex. The results indicate the necessity to promote contact with persons with disabilities at the level of society as a whole. Further investigations searching for potential differences in attitudes of the FASPER first semester students, as compared to the attitudes of postgraduate students, of students of different professional orientation and of the general population, are needed.