Ispitivanje kvaliteta izgovora glasova kod dece sa kohlearnim implantom

Abstract

Razumljivost govora gluve i nagluve dece je značajno narušena zbog nepravilnog izgovora glasova. Nemogućnost da precizno čuju govorne obrasce iz neposrednog okruženja ih sprečava u imitaciji a samim tim i u usvajanju govora i jezika. Gluva i nagluva deca, u zavisnosti od stepena gubitka sluha, ne mogu auditivno da kontrolišu svoj glas, što im dodatno pravi teškoću. Poslednjih decenija u većini zemalja intezivno se razvijaju programi kohlearne implantacije koji značajno doprinose povećanju perceptivnih mogućnosti dece oštećenog sluha, što dovodi do bržeg i lakšeg učenja govora i jezika. Cilj ovog rada je bio ispitivanje kvaliteta izgovora glasova kod dece sa kohlearnim implantom, kao i ispitivanje uticaja nekih vremenskih činilaca. U uzorku je bilo 25-oro dece oba pola, uzrasta od 3 do 10 godina. Govorna baza za ispitivanje kvaliteta izgovora glasova formirana je korišćenjem Globalnog artikulacionog testa autora Spasenije Vladisavljević. Ocena izgovora glasova rađena je na dva nivoa. Prvi nivo procene rađen je od strane obučenog stručnjaka koji je svoje ocene beležio u predviđeni formular. Drugi nivo procene rađen je spektralnom analizom izgovorenih glasova, takođe od strane obučenog stručnjaka. U obradi rezultata korišćene su metode deskriptivne statistike i jednosmerna analiza varijanse (ANOVA). Rezultati pokazuju da se u govoru kohlearno implantirane dece javljaju sva tri tipa artikulacionih odstupanja (omisija, supstitucija i distorzija), da se artikulacione greške javljaju u svim grupama glasova, najčešće u grupi afrikata i frikativa. Gluva deca koja su kohlearno implantirana na ranijem uzrastu i koja su obuhvaćena odgovarajućim programima re/habilitacije postižu bolju auditivnu kontrolu svog govora, normalizuju svoj osnovni glas i poboljšavaju svoje artikulacione sposobnosti

Speech coherence of deaf and hard of hearing children is significantly impaired due to irregular pronunciation of sounds. Inability to hear speech patterns from immediate environment accurately makes it impossible for them to imitate and acquire speech and language. Depending on the degree of a hearing loss, deaf and hard of hearing children cannot control their voice auditorily, which causes additional problems. In the last few decades, cochlear implantation programs have intensively been developing in most countries, which significantly influences the increase in perceptive abilities of children with hearing impairments leading to faster and easier learning of speech and language. The aim of this paper was to test the quality of sound pronunciation in children with cochlear implants, and to test the influence of time factors. The sample consisted of 25 children of both genders, aged between 3 and 10. Speech basis for testing the quality of sound pronunciation was formed by using the Global Articulation Test by Spasenija Vladisavljevic. The assessment of sound pronunciation was performed at two levels. The first level of assessment was performed by a trained professional who noted his marks in the provided form. The second level of assessment was performed by spectral analysis of the pronounced sounds, also by a trained professional. Methods of descriptive statistics and one way variance analysis (ANOVA) were used in results analysis. The results indicate that all three types of articulation errors (omission, substitution, and distortion) occur in the speech of children with cochlear implants, and that articulation errors occur in all groups of sounds, usually in affricates and fricatives. Deaf children who were implanted at an early age and are included in appropriate rehabilitation programs have better auditory control of their speech, normalize their voice and improve their articulation abilities.