Samoodređenje kod osoba sa intelektualnom ometenošću

Abstract

Koncept samoodre enja obuhvata ve tine samoregulacije, re avanja problema i samozastupanja, samosvest, samoefikasnost, samoposmatranje, samoprocenjivanje, samopodsticanje i druge oblike pona anja iji je pokreta intrinzi ka motivacija. Nivo ostvarene autonomije osobe sa intelektualnom ometeno u (IO) zavisi od njenih mogu nosti da samostalno ili uz podr ku u estvuje u dono enju odluka, izboru sopstvenih ciljeva i na ina njihovog ostvarivanja. Uklju ivanje u dru tvenu zajednicu na ravnopravnoj osnovi, podrazumeva da svaki njen lan ima pravo na samoodre enje, odnosno na kontrolu nad razli itim aspektima sopstvenog ivota. Na osnovu pregleda dostupnih istra ivanja mo emo zaklju iti da je nivo samoodre enja zna ajan prediktor ne samo akademskog uspeha, ve i op teg nivoa socijalne inkluzije. Ostvareni nivo regulacije sopstvenog pona anja zavisi od socijalnog okru enja i li nih kompetencija. Osobe sa IO u odnosu na op tu populaciju imaju izra enije te ko e u upotrebi strategija samostalnog regulisanja pona anja, koje je u odre enoj meri mogu e kompenzovati realizacijom programa za unapre ivanje samoodre enja.

The concept of self-determination includes the skills of self-regulation, solving problems, self-advocacy, self-awareness, self-efficiency, self-observation, self-evaluation, self-reinforcement and other forms of behavior based on intrinsic motivation. The level of the accomplished autonomy in a person with intellectual disability (ID) depends on their ability to independently or with support of others take part in making decisions, choosing their own goals and methods of their realization. Inclusion into the community on equal terms implies the entitlement of each of its members to self-determination, i.e. the control of different aspects of one s own life. Based on the available research overview, we can conclude that the level of self-determination is a significant predictor of not only academic success, but the general level of social inclusion as well. The accomplished level of the regulation of one s behavior depends on the social environment and personal competencies. Persons with ID, in comparison with typical population, have more noticeable difficulties using the strategies of independent regulation of their behavior, which is, to a certain extent, possible to compensate with the realization of the self-determination improvement program.