Kapital za oporavak: razvoj koncepta i mogućnosti njegove primene u socijalnom radu

Abstract

Uvod: Paradigmatski zaokret od patologije i deficita ka snagama i resursima s kraja 80-ih i početka 90-ih godina prošlog veka je u oblasti mentalnog zdrav- lja i adiktologije uslovio promenu fokusa zaštite od epizoda akutne stabiliza- cije simptoma ka klijent-usmerenom upravljanju dugoročnim oporavkom. U središtu ovog zaokreta našao se koncept kapitala za oporavak, koji označava broj i kvalitet unutrašnjih i spoljašnjih resursa koji se mogu koristiti za započi- njanje i održavanje procesa oporavka od zavisnosti. Cilj: Kako kapital za oporavak predstavlja relativno nov koncept – u povoju kako u teorijskom, tako i u smislu njegove praktične operacionalizacije – koji je u našoj stručnoj literaturi gotovo nerazmatran i čije mogućnosti primene su nedovoljno istražene, cilj rada predstavlja prikaz teorijskog razvoja koncepta kapitala za oporavak i diskutovanje značaja i mogućnosti njegove primene u oblasti socijalnog rada. Metod: Budući da je u pitanju narativni pregledni rad, primenjene su metode analiza sadržaja, deskriptivna i komparativna analiza i sinteza. Rezultati: Razmatra se uloga koju socijalni radnici/ce imaju u podsticanju izgradnje kapitala za oporavak na mikro, mezo i makro nivou i naglašava značaj profesionalnog odnosa, vremena započinjanja usluga i uključivanja u tretman, procene i planiranja usluga, palete usluga, mesta pružanja usluga, povezivanja sa lokalnim resursima za podršku oporavku i dužine monitoringa i podrške po okončanju tretmana. Zaključak: U zaključnim razmatranjima ukazuje se da uvećanje kapitala za oporavak zavisi od personalnih, interpersonalnih, organizacionih i društvenih faktora, kao i da su socijalni radnici/ce, saobrazno svojim profesionalnim ci- ljevima, ulogama i zadacima, značajni akteri/ke u kreiranju i pružanju usluga koje bi trebalo da obezbede rano uključivanje koje prethodi oporavku, započi- njanje oporavka, dugoročno održavanje oporavka i unapređenje dobrostanja i kvaliteta života osoba koje se suočavaju sa zavisnošću.

Introduction: The paradigmatic shift from pathology and deficits to strengths and resources in the late 1980s and early 1990s led to a shift in the focus of protection in the field of mental health and addictology from episodes of acute symptom stabilization to client-centered management of long-term recovery. At the core of this shift is the concept of recovery capital, which denotes the number and quality of internal and external resources that can be used to initiate and sustain the addiction recovery process. Aim: As recovery capital represents a relatively new concept – in its infancy both in theoretical and in terms of its practical operationalization – which is almost unexamined in our professional literature and whose possibilities of application have been insufficiently researched, the aim of the paper is to review the theoretical development of the concept of recovery capital and to discuss the importance and possibilities of its application in the field of social work. Method: Since it is a narrative review article, methods of content analysis, descriptive and comparative analysis and synthesis were applied. Results: The role that social workers play in encouraging recovery capital building at the micro, meso and macro level and the importance of a professional relationship, timing of service and treatment initiation, assessment and service planning, range of services, places of service delivery, linkage to the local resources supporting recovery and the duration of posttreatment monitoring and support are considered. Conclusion: The concluding remarks indicate that the increase in recovery capital depends on personal, interpersonal, organizational and social factors, as well as that social workers, in accordance with their professional goals, roles and tasks, are important actors in creating and providing services that should enhance early pre-recovery engagement, recovery initiation, long-term recovery maintenance, and improvement of the well-being and quality of life of people facing addiction.