Problemi u ishrani kod dece sa poremećajem iz spektra autizma osnovnoškolskog uzrasta

Abstract

Uvod: Veliki broj dece sa poremećajem iz spektra autizma pokazuje probleme u ishrani. Cilj: Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita učestalost problema u ishrani kod dece s poremećajem iz spektra autizma osnovnoškolskog uzrasta. Metod: Istraživanje je sprovedeno tokom 2021. godine u tri osnovne škole: „NH Dušan Dugalić“, „Miloje Pavlović“ i „Radivoj Popović“. Za prikupljanje podataka korišćen je Kratki inventar ponašanja tokom jela kod osoba sa autizmom. Upitnik su popunjavali roditelji. Uzorak istraživanja formiran je od 36 učenika s poremećajem iz spektra autizma, prosečne starosti 132,7 ± 2,01 (u mesecima). Ispitanici su podeljeni u dve grupe. Prvu grupu činili su učenici uzrasta od 7 do 10 godina (58,3%), a drugu grupu učenici od 11 do 16 godina (41,7%). Većina ispitanika bili su dečaci (n=32; 88,9%). Rezultati: Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da frekventnost na ukupnom skoru za ceo uzorak iznosi 42,50±12,77, a za pojedinačne faktore: ograničena raznolikost - k23,39±7,15; odbijanje hrane - 8,72±4,25; disruptivno ponašanje - 10,39±3,15. Takođe, rezultati su pokazali da ne postoji statistički značajna razlika između ispitanika prve i druge uzrasne grupe, bilo na ukupnom skoru (p=0,168), bilo na pojedinim faktorima (ograničena raznolikost: p=0,265; odbijanje hrane: p=0,442; disruptivno ponašanje: p=0,061). Zaključak: Ovo je prvo istraživanje koje je sprovedeno u Srbiji i rezultati su u skladu s rezultatima prethodnih istraživanja koja su takođe utvrdila da deca s poremećajem iz spektra autizma ispoljavaju probleme u ishrani.

Introduction: A large number of children with autism spectrum disorder manifest eating problems. Aim: The aim of the research was to examine the frequency of eating problems in children with autism spectrum disorder at primary school age. Method: The research was conducted during 2021 in three primary schools in Belgrade: Dusan Dugalic, Miloje Pavlovic, and Radivoj Popovic. A questionnaire entitled “Brief Assessment of Mealtime Behaviors in Children” was used to collect data. The questionnaire was filled in by the parents. The research sample consisted of 36 students with autism spectrum disorder, average age 132.7±2.01 months. The first group consisted of students aged 7 to 10 years (58.3%), and the second group consisted of students aged 11 to 16 years (41.7%). The majority of examinees were boys (n=32; 88.9%). Results: The results of the research showed that the frequency on the total score for the whole sample was 42.50±12.77 and for individual factors: limited diversity - 23.39±7.15; food rejection - 8.72±4.25; disruptive behavior - 10.39±3.15. Also, the results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the subjects of the first and second age groups, either on the total score (p=.168), or on the scores on individual factors (limited diversity: p=.265; food rejection: p=.442; disruptive behavior: p=.061). Conclusion: This kind of research is first to be done in Serbia and the results are in line with the results of previous research which also found that children with autism spectrum disorder manifest eating problems.