Poricanje, povlačenje i (zlo)upotreba supstanci: prediktori negativnih emocija tokom pandemije covid-19

Abstract

Uvod: Tokom perioda produžene krize javnog zdravlja doživljavamo različita negativna osećanja i primenjujemo široki spektar adaptivnih i maladaptivnih strategija prevladavanja. Najčešće manifestacije maladaptivnog prevladavanja su poricanje, povlačenje i zloupotreba supstanci sa ciljem redukovanja stresa. Od posebnog značaja je ispitivanje reakcija i maladaptivnih strategija kod studentkinja specijalne edukacije i rehabilitacije, s obzirom na to da se radi o budućim pružaocima profesionalne podrške osetljivim grupama. Cilj: Cilj aktuelne studije je istraživanje prediktivne uloge maladaptivnih strategija prevladavanja u doživljavanju različitih negativnih emocija tokom pandemije COVID-19. Metod: Učesnici u ovom onlajn istraživanju su studentkinje specijalne edukacije i rehabilitacije (N=222) na Univerzitetu u Beogradu. Podaci o doživljenom strahu, hostilnosti, krivici i tugi, dobijeni su putem skale osnovnih negativnih emocija Inventara za procenu pozitivnog i negativnog afekta (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule - Expanded Form). Maladaptivne strategije prevladavanja (Upotreba supstanci, Poricanje i Povlačenje) procenjene su inventarom COPE. Rezultati: Testirana su četiri linearna regresiona modela sa maladaptivnim strategijama prevladavanja kao prediktorima i negativnim emocijama (hostilnost, strah, krivica i tuga) kao kriterijumskim varijablama. U prvom modelu, Hostilnost [F(3,218)=4,036; p<0,01] se predviđa putem Upotrebe supstanci (3=0,183; t=2,710; p<0,01); u drugom se Poricanje (3=0,203; t=2,831; p<0,01) izdvaja kao prediktor Straha [F(3,218)=4,215; p<0,01]; u trećem i Upotreba supstanci (3=0,262; t=4,072; p<0,001) i Povlačenje (3=0,149; t=2,142; p<0,05) predviđaju Krivicu [F(3,218)=12,255; p<0,001]; i u četvrtom modelu, Tugu [F(3,218)=5,222; p<0,01] takođe predviđaju Upotreba supstanci (3=0,165; t=2,466; p<0,01) i Povlačenje (3=0,144; t=1,992; p<0,05). Zaključak: Rezultati potvrđuju pozitivnu vezu između intenziteta negativnih osećanja i korišćenja maladaptivnih strategija prevladavanja, ali i otkrivaju različite uloge maladaptivnih strategija u predikciji osnovnih negativnih emocija tokom pandemije COVID-19. Dobijeni nalazi mogu biti od značaja u pripremi i obrazovanju studenata specijalne edukacije i rehabilitacije za njihove buduće profesionalne izazove.

Introduction: During the period of prolonged public health crisis, one can experience various negative emotional states and apply a wide range of different adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies. The most frequent maladaptive coping manifestations are denial, behavioral disengagement and substance abuse to reduce distress. Since they are the future supporters of the vulnerable, it is of particular interest to examine the reactions of special education students, and the strategies they use to cope with stress in a maladaptive way. Aim: The aim of the present study was to explore predictive roles of maladaptive coping strategies in different negative emotional states throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Participants in this online research were 222 special education and rehabilitation female students from the University of Belgrade. Data on fear, hostility, guilt and sadness was collected using negative emotion scales of Positive and Negative Affect Schedule - Expanded Form. Maladaptive coping strategies (Substance use, Denial and Behavioral disengagement) were assessed by COPE Inventory. Results: Four linear regressions were performed, with the maladaptive coping strategies as the predictor set, and negative emotional states (hostility, fear, guilt and sadness) as criteria. In the first one, Hostility (F(3,218)=4.036; p<.01) was predicted by Substance use (£=.183; t=2.710; p<.01); in the second, Denial (£=.203; t=2.831; p<.01) stood out as a predictor of Fear [F(3,218)= 4.215; p<.01], in the third both Substance use (£=.262; t=4.072; p<.001) and Behavioral disengagement (£=.149; t=2.142; p<.05) predicted Guilt [F(3,218)=12.255; p<.001] and in the fourth Sadness [F(3,218)= 5.222; p<.01] was also predicted by Substance use (£=.165; t=2.466; p<.01) and Behavioral disengagement (£=.144; t=1.992; p<.05). Conclusion: The results confirm positive correlation between maladaptive coping strategies and negative emotions and reveal different roles maladaptive coping strategies have in predicting basic negative emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings could be of importance in preparing future special educators and rehabilitators for their professional challenges.