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Karakteristike govornog izraza i govornih Segmenata -aspekt percepcije

The characteristics of spoken expression and the Segments of speech – aspect of perception

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2014
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Maksimović, Slavica
Punišić, Silvana
Article (Published version)
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Abstract
Uslov za realizaciju govornog procesa i pokretanje perceptivnog meha- nizma je prisustvo dva učesnika, jednog koji proizvodi zvučne segmente (ar- tikuliše/produkuje) i drugog koji prima te segmente (sluša/percipira). U ovom složenom komunikacionom lancu osnovna jedinica govornog procesa je fonema, kao najmanja distinktivna jedinica glasovne strukture čijom se zamenom menja lingvističko značenje reči. Fonema se u govoru realizuje kao artikulisani zvuk ili glas čija su osnovna akustička obeležja: trajanje, frekvencija i intenzitet, a nastaju kao rezultat koordiniranog dejstva sistema govornih organa. Javljanje ovih obeležja u različitim odnosima omogućava varijacije akustičkog kvaliteta. Zbog činjenice da svaku fonemu realizuje skup različitih varijanti, u artikulacionoj bazi svakog poje- dinačnog jezika postoji mnogo više glasova nego fonema. Svi ljudi poseduju iste govorne organe, i sa artikulaciono-akustičke strane u stanju su da proizvedu i percipiraju svaki od mnoštva glasova koji s...e javljaju u bilo kom jeziku. Međutim, svaki pojedinačni jezik pravi svoju selekciju glasova i gla- sovnih obeležja iz tog univerzalnog fonetskog rezervoara, izgrađujući svoj osobeni sistem glasova. Ograničenje broja i vrste glasova u pojedinačnim gla- sovnim sistemima prouzrokovano je čovekovim perceptivnim mogućnostima i karakteristikama svake pojedinačne artikulacione baze. U osnovnom značenju percepcija govora podrazumeva prepoznavanje i razu- mevanje govorne poruke. To znači da slušalac pored poznavanja relacija izme- đu karakteristika akustičkog signala i fonetskih segmenata, mora upotrebiti i svoje znanje o fonološkim, leksičkim, sintaksičkim i seman- tičkim pravilima datog jezika.

The condition for the realization of speech process and startup the perceptual mechanism is the presence of two participants, one that produces a sound segments (articulates/produces) and another who receives these segments (listens/perceives). In this complex chain of communication, the basic unit of the speech process is phoneme as the smallest distinctive unit of voice structure, whose replacement causes a change of linguistic meaning of the word. The phoneme in speech is realized as articulated sound or voice whose basic acoustic characteristics are: duration, frequency and intensity, and they occur as the result of the coordinated action of the system of speech organs. The appearance of these features in different relations, provides the variations of acoustic quality. Due to the fact that each phoneme is realized by set of variants, in articulation basis of each language there is a much more voices than phonemes. All humans have the same organs of speech and if viewe...d from articulatory-acoustic side, they are able to produce and perceive each of a plurality of voices that occur in any language. However, each language makes its selection of voices and voice`s features from the universal phonetic reservoir, building their special system of voices. Restrictions on the number and type of voices in individual voice systems are caused by the human perceptual capabilities and characteristics of each articulatory base. In its basic meaning, the speech perception implies recognition and understanding of the voice message. This means that the listener besides the knowledge of relations between the characteristics of the acoustic signal and phonetic segments, must use their knowledge of the phonological, lexical, syntactic and semantic rules of the language.

Keywords:
percepcija govora / akustičke karakteristike / di- stinktivne karakteristike / detektori akustičkih karakteristika / modeli percepcije govora / speech perception / acoustic characteristics / distinctive characteristics / detectors of acoustic characteristics / models of speech perception
Source:
Beogradska defektološka škola, 2014, 20, 1, 57-71
Publisher:
  • Drustvo defektologa Srbije
  • Univerzitet u Beogradu – Fakultet za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju (ICF)
Funding / projects:
  • Interdisciplinary research of verbal communication quality (RS-178027)

ISSN: 0354-8759

[ Google Scholar ]
Handle
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rfasper_3649
URI
http://rfasper.fasper.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3649
Collections
  • Beogradska defektološka škola
Institution/Community
rFASPER
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Maksimović, Slavica
AU  - Punišić, Silvana
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://rfasper.fasper.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3649
AB  - Uslov za realizaciju govornog procesa i pokretanje perceptivnog meha- nizma je prisustvo dva učesnika, jednog koji proizvodi zvučne segmente (ar- tikuliše/produkuje) i drugog koji prima te segmente (sluša/percipira). U ovom složenom komunikacionom lancu osnovna jedinica govornog procesa je fonema, kao najmanja distinktivna jedinica glasovne strukture čijom se zamenom menja lingvističko značenje reči. Fonema se u govoru realizuje kao artikulisani zvuk ili glas čija su osnovna akustička obeležja: trajanje, frekvencija i intenzitet, a nastaju kao rezultat koordiniranog dejstva sistema govornih organa. Javljanje ovih obeležja u različitim odnosima omogućava varijacije akustičkog kvaliteta. Zbog činjenice da svaku fonemu realizuje skup različitih varijanti, u artikulacionoj bazi svakog poje- dinačnog jezika postoji mnogo više glasova nego fonema. Svi ljudi poseduju iste govorne organe, i sa artikulaciono-akustičke strane u stanju su da proizvedu i percipiraju svaki od mnoštva glasova koji se javljaju u bilo kom jeziku. Međutim, svaki pojedinačni jezik pravi svoju selekciju glasova i gla- sovnih obeležja iz tog univerzalnog fonetskog rezervoara, izgrađujući svoj osobeni sistem glasova. Ograničenje broja i vrste glasova u pojedinačnim gla- sovnim sistemima prouzrokovano je čovekovim perceptivnim mogućnostima i karakteristikama svake pojedinačne artikulacione baze.
U osnovnom značenju percepcija govora podrazumeva prepoznavanje i razu-
mevanje govorne poruke. To znači da slušalac pored poznavanja relacija izme- đu karakteristika akustičkog signala i fonetskih segmenata, mora upotrebiti i svoje znanje o fonološkim, leksičkim, sintaksičkim i seman- tičkim pravilima datog jezika.
AB  - The condition for the realization of speech process and startup the perceptual
mechanism is the presence of two participants, one that produces
a sound segments (articulates/produces) and another who receives these
segments (listens/perceives). In this complex chain of communication, the
basic unit of the speech process is phoneme as the smallest distinctive unit
of voice structure, whose replacement causes a change of linguistic meaning
of the word. The phoneme in speech is realized as articulated sound or
voice whose basic acoustic characteristics are: duration, frequency and intensity,
and they occur as the result of the coordinated action of the system
of speech organs. The appearance of these features in different relations,
provides the variations of acoustic quality. Due to the fact that each phoneme
is realized by set of variants, in articulation basis of each language there
is a much more voices than phonemes. All humans have the same organs of
speech and if viewed from articulatory-acoustic side, they are able to produce
and perceive each of a plurality of voices that occur in any language.
However, each language makes its selection of voices and voice`s features
from the universal phonetic reservoir, building their special system of voices.
Restrictions on the number and type of voices in individual voice systems
are caused by the human perceptual capabilities and characteristics
of each articulatory base.
In its basic meaning, the speech perception implies recognition and
understanding of the voice message. This means that the listener besides
the knowledge of relations between the characteristics of the acoustic signal
and phonetic segments, must use their knowledge of the phonological,
lexical, syntactic and semantic rules of the language.
PB  - Drustvo defektologa Srbije
PB  - Univerzitet u Beogradu – Fakultet za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju (ICF)
T2  - Beogradska defektološka škola
T1  - Karakteristike govornog izraza i govornih Segmenata -aspekt percepcije
T1  - The characteristics of spoken expression and the Segments of speech – aspect of perception
EP  - 71
IS  - 1
SP  - 57
VL  - 20
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rfasper_3649
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Maksimović, Slavica and Punišić, Silvana",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Uslov za realizaciju govornog procesa i pokretanje perceptivnog meha- nizma je prisustvo dva učesnika, jednog koji proizvodi zvučne segmente (ar- tikuliše/produkuje) i drugog koji prima te segmente (sluša/percipira). U ovom složenom komunikacionom lancu osnovna jedinica govornog procesa je fonema, kao najmanja distinktivna jedinica glasovne strukture čijom se zamenom menja lingvističko značenje reči. Fonema se u govoru realizuje kao artikulisani zvuk ili glas čija su osnovna akustička obeležja: trajanje, frekvencija i intenzitet, a nastaju kao rezultat koordiniranog dejstva sistema govornih organa. Javljanje ovih obeležja u različitim odnosima omogućava varijacije akustičkog kvaliteta. Zbog činjenice da svaku fonemu realizuje skup različitih varijanti, u artikulacionoj bazi svakog poje- dinačnog jezika postoji mnogo više glasova nego fonema. Svi ljudi poseduju iste govorne organe, i sa artikulaciono-akustičke strane u stanju su da proizvedu i percipiraju svaki od mnoštva glasova koji se javljaju u bilo kom jeziku. Međutim, svaki pojedinačni jezik pravi svoju selekciju glasova i gla- sovnih obeležja iz tog univerzalnog fonetskog rezervoara, izgrađujući svoj osobeni sistem glasova. Ograničenje broja i vrste glasova u pojedinačnim gla- sovnim sistemima prouzrokovano je čovekovim perceptivnim mogućnostima i karakteristikama svake pojedinačne artikulacione baze.
U osnovnom značenju percepcija govora podrazumeva prepoznavanje i razu-
mevanje govorne poruke. To znači da slušalac pored poznavanja relacija izme- đu karakteristika akustičkog signala i fonetskih segmenata, mora upotrebiti i svoje znanje o fonološkim, leksičkim, sintaksičkim i seman- tičkim pravilima datog jezika., The condition for the realization of speech process and startup the perceptual
mechanism is the presence of two participants, one that produces
a sound segments (articulates/produces) and another who receives these
segments (listens/perceives). In this complex chain of communication, the
basic unit of the speech process is phoneme as the smallest distinctive unit
of voice structure, whose replacement causes a change of linguistic meaning
of the word. The phoneme in speech is realized as articulated sound or
voice whose basic acoustic characteristics are: duration, frequency and intensity,
and they occur as the result of the coordinated action of the system
of speech organs. The appearance of these features in different relations,
provides the variations of acoustic quality. Due to the fact that each phoneme
is realized by set of variants, in articulation basis of each language there
is a much more voices than phonemes. All humans have the same organs of
speech and if viewed from articulatory-acoustic side, they are able to produce
and perceive each of a plurality of voices that occur in any language.
However, each language makes its selection of voices and voice`s features
from the universal phonetic reservoir, building their special system of voices.
Restrictions on the number and type of voices in individual voice systems
are caused by the human perceptual capabilities and characteristics
of each articulatory base.
In its basic meaning, the speech perception implies recognition and
understanding of the voice message. This means that the listener besides
the knowledge of relations between the characteristics of the acoustic signal
and phonetic segments, must use their knowledge of the phonological,
lexical, syntactic and semantic rules of the language.",
publisher = "Drustvo defektologa Srbije, Univerzitet u Beogradu – Fakultet za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju (ICF)",
journal = "Beogradska defektološka škola",
title = "Karakteristike govornog izraza i govornih Segmenata -aspekt percepcije, The characteristics of spoken expression and the Segments of speech – aspect of perception",
pages = "71-57",
number = "1",
volume = "20",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rfasper_3649"
}
Maksimović, S.,& Punišić, S.. (2014). Karakteristike govornog izraza i govornih Segmenata -aspekt percepcije. in Beogradska defektološka škola
Drustvo defektologa Srbije., 20(1), 57-71.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rfasper_3649
Maksimović S, Punišić S. Karakteristike govornog izraza i govornih Segmenata -aspekt percepcije. in Beogradska defektološka škola. 2014;20(1):57-71.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rfasper_3649 .
Maksimović, Slavica, Punišić, Silvana, "Karakteristike govornog izraza i govornih Segmenata -aspekt percepcije" in Beogradska defektološka škola, 20, no. 1 (2014):57-71,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rfasper_3649 .

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