Edukativna podrška porodici gluve i nagluve dece predškolskog uzrasta

Abstract

Families with a deaf or hard of hearing child are different from other families in many respects. In these families, seeking support is the most used strategy for overcoming stressful situations.Due to hearing impairments and a changed way of communicating with the environment, deaf and hard of hearing children of preschool age develop under more unfavorable conditions than normal hearing children. A large number of deaf and hard of hearing children of preschool age have specific problems in the fields of communication and interaction. Appropriate and efficient early communication, no matter in what language (sign language or spoken language), together with the acceptance of the child and its impairment, are the basis for successful development of the child’s personality. A large number of studies, indicate that families of deaf and hard of hearing children are in need of various forms of social support: psychological, financial, informational, spiritual and educational support. The support of the community – of the health, education and social protection systems is necessary to the parents. The family needs to be educated on hearing impairment, its consequences, amplification models, different ways of communicating with, upbringing and educating deaf and hard of hearing children. Providing adequate educational support to the families of deaf and hard of hearing preschool children is very important. It is necessary to organize various support programs, to improve communication within the family as well as the cooperation of families and experts of various specialties involved in the rehabilitation and education of deaf and hard of hearing preschool children.

Porodice sa gluvim i nagluvim detetom se u mnogim aspektima razlikuju od drugih porodica. U ovim porodicama traženje podrške je najviše korišćena strategija prevladavanja stresnih situacija. Zbog oštećenja sluha i izmenjenog načina komuniciranja sa okolinom, gluva i na- gluva deca razvijaju se pod nepovoljnijim uslovima nego deca koja čuju. Veliki broj gluve i nagluve dece predškolskog uzrasta ima specifične probleme na planu komunikacije i interakcije. Primerena i efikasna rana komunikacija bez obzira na kom se jeziku odvija (znakovnom ili govornom), zajedno sa prihvatanjem dete- ta i njegovog oštećenja osnova su uspešnog razvoja ličnosti deteta. Veći broj istraživanja, ukazuje da su porodici gluve i nagluve dece, potrebni različiti oblici socijalne podrške: psihološka, finansijska, informacijska, duhovna i edukativna podrška. Roditeljima je neophodna podrška društvene zajednice; zdravstvenog, obrazovnog i sistema socijalne zaštite. Porodicu je po- trebno edukovati o oštećenju sluha, posledicama, modelima amplifikacije, raz- ličitim načinima komunikacije, vaspitanju i obrazovanju gluve i nagluve dece. Veoma je važna adekvatna edukativna podrška porodici gluve i nagluve dece predškolskog uzrasta.Neohodno je organizovati različite programe podrške, poboljšati komunikaciju u okviru porodice, kao i saradnju porodice i stručnjaka raznih specijalnosti koji učestvuju u rehabilitaciji i edukaciji gluve i naglu- ve dece predškolskog uzrasta.