Primena majndfulnes tehnika samoregulacije pažnje kod osoba sa intelektualnom ometenošću

Abstract

The use of mindfulness techniques for self- regulation of attention is a relatively new area of interest of experts of various profiles. The application of this technique in people with intellectual disabilities (ID) has hardly been the subject of interest of domestic authors, and the number of studies published worldwide is also still negligible The aim of this paper, based on a review of published studies, is to present different approaches and the significance of applying mindfulness techniques of self-regulation of attention in people with ID and children of typical development. Differences in the way of designing mindfulness approaches have led to the expansion of the framework of application of mindfulness techniques of self-regulation of attention both in work with children with ID, as well as in interventions intended for children of the typical population. The content of intervention programmes, which are based on exercises of focusing attention on breathing, is enriched with visualisation, self-instructiing, yoga, exercises of focusing and maintaining attention to movement, body posture, visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory and tactile stimuli.

Upotreba majndfulnes tehnika za samoregulaciju pažnje je relativno nova oblast interesovanja stručnjaka različitih profila. Primena ove tehni- ke kod osoba sa intelektualnom ometenošću (IO) gotovo da nije bila pred- met interesovanja domaćih autora, a broj istraživanja objavljenih u svetu je takođe još uvek zanemarljiv. Cilj ovog rada je da se, na osnovu pregleda publikovanih studija, prikažu razli- čiti pristupi i značaj primene majndfulnes tehnika samoregulacije pažnje kod osoba sa IO i dece tipičnog razvoja. Razlike u načinu koncipiranja majndfulnes pristupa dovele su do širenja ok- vira primene majndfulnes tehnika samoregulacije pažnje kako u radu sa decom sa IO, tako i u intervencijama namenjenim deci tipične populacije. Sadržaj intervencionih programa koji su zasnovani na vežbama usmeravanja pažnje na disanje, obogaćeni su vizuelizacijom, davanjem samoinstrukcija, jogom, vežbama usmeravanja i održavanja pažnje na pokret, položaj tela, vizuelne, auditivne, olfaktorne, gustativne i taktilne stimuluse.