Razvoj kaznenog sistema u krivičnom pravu Srbije

Abstract

Kontinuirani razvoj kaznenog sistema u Srbiji ogleda se u bitnim promenama krivičnog zakonodavstva. Najvažniji pravni spomenik srednjevekovne Srbije, „Dušanov zakonik”, karakterisale su surove smrtne i telesne kazne, preuzete iz vizantijskog prava. Za vreme tur ske vladavine prestaje upotreba Dušanovog zakonika, a početkom Pr vog srpskog ustanka započinje se sa donošenjem pojedinačnih pravnih propisa. Kazneni zakonik za Kneževinu Srbiju iz 1860. godine, uvodi kao novinu postojanje glavne i sporedne kazne, među kojima je bitno napomenuti nekoliko vrsta lišavanja slobode. Krivični zakonik Kralje vine Jugoslavije usvojen 1929. godine, predvideo je i druge vrste sank cija osim kazne. Glavno obeležje Krivičnog zakonika Kraljevine Jugo slavije je trajno ukidanje telesnih kazni. Novo državno uređenje nakon Drugog svetskog rata usvojilo je nove krivične zakonike i nove oblike kažnjavanja, koji će od Novela 1959. godine pa sve do raspada SFRJ biti nepromenjene. Savremeno krivično zakonodavstvo Republike Sr bije odlikuje se ukidanjem smrtne kazne, kazne kon&skovanja imovine i uvođenjem novih kazni, koje treba da posluže kao alternativne, ume sto kraćih kazni zatvora. Srbja je sve vreme svoje državnosti, od sred njeg veka, pa sve do danas imala kontinuitet razvoja kaznenog sistema paralelno sa njegovim razvojem, pre svega u Evropi.

#e continuous development of the penal system in Serbia is re$ected in signi%cant changes within the criminal legislative solutions. #e most important legal document of the medieval Serbia, “Dušan’s Code” was characterized by harsh corporal and death punishments taken from the Byzantine law. During the Ottoman period “Dušan’s Code” was no longer in use, and with the beginning of the First Serbian Uprising, the adoption of individual legislations began. #e Criminal Code of the Principality of Serbia, adopted in 1860 , introduced a novelty of major and minor penalties, including, most importantly, several types of detention. #e Criminal Code of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was adopted in 1929 and it predicted di&erent types of sanctions other than %nes. #e main feature of the Criminal Code of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was permanent abolition of the corporal punishment. After the Second World War, the newly formed government adopted new criminal codes and new forms of punishment, which remained unchanged from the Novel in 1959 up until the dissolution of the SFRY. Contemporary criminal legislation of the Republic of Serbia is characterized by the abolition of the death penalty, seizure of property and the introduction of new penalties, which should, instead of short prison sentences, serve as an alternative. #roughout its statehood, from the Middle Ages up until today, Serbia has always had a continuity of the penal system development parallel with its development, primarily in Europe.