Socijalni stavovi prema osobama s Daunovim sindromom

Abstract

Istraživanja ukazuju na izraženiju stigmatizaciju osoba sa intelektualnom ometenošću u odnosu na osobe sa drugim ometenostima. Cilj istraživanja je da se ispitaju tri komponente stava prema osobama sa Daunovim sindromom (DS), da se utvrdi faktorska struktura primenjene skale i povezanost komponeti stava sa socio-demografskim varijablama. Uzorak je obuhvatio 2544 ispitanika opšte populacije, uzrasta od 18-70 godina starosti, različitog pola i nivoa obrazovanja. Primenjena je revidirana Multidimenzionalna skala za ispitivanje stavova (Multidimensional Attitudes Scale Toward Persons With Disabilities, Findler, Vilchinsky & Werner, 2007). Promax rotacijom u okviru analize glavnih komponenti izdvojena su dva faktora na emocionalnoj subskali – Negativne emocije 1 i 2, na kognitivnoj subskali Negativne i Zbunjujuće kognicije i na bihejvioralnoj skali Ponašanje približavanja i Ponašanje izbegavanja. Ispitanici koji ne poznaju osobe sa ometenošću imaju negativniji stav prema njima na faktorima negativne emocije 1 (F (1, 2290)=5.54, p<0.05) i negativne emocije 2 (F (1, 2212)=6.783, p<0.05) i veći skor na faktoru ponašanje izbegavanja. Ispitanici koji poznaju osobu sa ometenošću imaju veći skor na faktoru ponašanje približavanja, nego osobe koje ne poznaju osobe sa ometenošću (F (1, 2205)=14.178, p<0.01). Ispitanici koji imaju završenu nižu stručnu spremu i koji poznaju osobe sa DS imaju pozitivnije kognicije. Muškarci koji ne poznaju osobu sa ometenošću značajno više izbegavaju osobe sa DS nego muškarci koji poznaju osobu sa ometenošću. Potvrđena je povezanost pozitivnih stavova prema osobama sa DS sa iskustvom kontakta što ukazuje na značaj uključivanja osoba sa DS u sve oblasti društvenog života.

Various studies suggest a pronounced stigmatization of people with intellectual disability compared to those with other disabilities. The aim of the study was to explore three components of attitudes towards persons with Down syndrome (DS), analyze the factorial structure of the applied scale and to find out the relation of attitude components to socio-demographic variables. The revised Multidimensional Attitude Scale was applied (Findler, Vilchinsky & Werner, 2007) to a sample of 2544 members of general population, of both sexes, various ages (18-70), levels of education and different prior experiences in contacts with persons with disability. Principal component factor analysis with Promax rotation revealed two components for each dimension of the attitude: components of positive and perplexing cognition on cognitions subscale, components of stressful (labeled negative emotions 1) and overtly negative emotions (labeled negative emotions 2) on affects subscale and components of avoiding and approaching behavior on behaviors subscale. Compared to participants with previous contacts with persons with disability those without such contacts have higher scores on negative emotions 1 (F (1, 2290)=5:54, p <0.05) and negative emotions 2 (F (1, 2212)=6.783, p <0.05), on the component of avoidance behavior, lower scores for the approaching behaviors (F(1,2205)=14.178,p<0.01) and for the component of positive cognitions. More positive cognitions were established for participants with lower level of education who had previous contacts with persons with disability. Men without previous contacts tend to avoid persons with DS compared to men who had such contacts. The contact hypothesis indicates the importance of including people with DS in all areas of social life.