Mogućnost korišćenja crteža dece s lakom intelektualnom ometenošću za procenjivanje kreativnosti u vizuelnom domenu izražavanja

Abstract

Teorije i istraživanja ukazuju da se u dečjim crteža mogu naći različiti podaci, od znakova raznovrsnih poremećaja, do najave izuzetne kreativnosti. Istraživanje prikazano u ovom radu ima za cilj utvrđivanje povezanosti između kreativnog potencijala i kreativnosti likovnog crteža kod dece s lakom intelektualnom ometenošću (LIO) kako bi se ispitala mogućnost korišćenja crteža za procenjivanje kreativnosti u vizuelnom domenu izražavanja. Uzorkom je obuhvaćeno 69 učenika iz četiri beogradske škole za decu ometenu u intelektualnom razvoju, oba pola, kalendarskog uzrasta od 8–16 godina, školskog uzrasta od I do VIII razreda, bez neuroloških i višestrukih smetnji. U svrhu procene kreativnosti dece primenjeni su Test za kreativno mišljenje koje se meri crtanjem (Test for Creative Thinking- Drawing Production – TCT-DP), kojim se procenjuje vizuelni aspekt kreativnosti, i crtež na temu „Neobičan cvet“, pri čemu su kao kriterijumi za procenjivanje dečjih radova korišćeni upotreba boje, oblika, prostorna organizacija i proporcija elemenata crteža. Korelacija između skorova kreativnosti dobijenih testom kreativnog mišljenja i analizom likovnih crteža učenika, izračunata pomoću Pirsonovog koeficijenta linearne korelacije, iznosi 0,34, što je statistički značajan rezultat (p= 0,003). Budući da dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da je korelacija između skorova kreativnosti dobijenih TCT-DP testom i analizom likovnih crteža učenika pozitivna i značajna, može se zaključiti da se u crtežima dece s LIO mogu naći pokazatelji kreativnosti. Edukatorima dece s LIO preporučujemo pokazatelje kreativnosti definisane našim istraživanjem kao smernice u razumevanju dečjih radova i kao podsticaj za preispitivanje sopstvenih kriterijuma kreativnosti.

Theories and research imply that diverse information can be obtained from children’s drawings, from signs of various disorders, to indications of exceptional creativity. The research presented in this paper aims to determine the connection between the creative potential of children with mild intellectual disability (MID) and the creativity of their drawing, in order to test the possibility of using drawings for assessing creativity in the visual domain of expression. The sample comprised 69 students from four schools for children with intellectual disability in Belgrade, both sexes, aged 8–16, attending the 1st to the 8th grade, with no neurological or multiple disorders. For the purpose of assessing the children’s creativity, Test for Creative Thinking-Drawing Production (TCT-DP) was used to estimate the visual aspect of creativity, as well as a drawing with the topic “Peculiar flower”, where, as criteria for assessing the children’s works, we observed the use of color and shapes, spatial organization and proportion of the elements in the drawing. Correlation between the scores obtained through the test for creative thinking and through the analysis of children’s drawings, calculated using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient, equals 0,34, which is a statistically significant result (p=0,003). Considering that the results show that the correlation between the scores of creativity obtained through the TCT-DP test and the analysis of students’ drawings is positive and significant, it can be concluded that indicators of creativity can be found in children with MID. We advise the educators of children with MID to use the indicators of creativity defined in our study as guidelines for understanding children’s works, but also as an encouragement for questioning their own creativity criteria.