Samopoštovanje i zadovoljstvo životom gluvih i nagluvih adolescenata u različitim uslovima obrazovanja

Abstract

Postoji niz strategija koje koriste gluve i nagluve osobe u svojim svakodnevnim aktivnostima da bi zaštitili svoje samopoštovanje: povlače se u zajednicu Gluvih, prikrivaju oštećenje sluha ili razvijaju bikulturne veštine. Primarni cilj istraživanja je utvrditi nivo samopoštovanja i zadovoljstva životom gluvih i nagluvih adolescenata u različitim uslovima školovanja (redovna škola, škola za gluve i nagluve osobe tzv. specijalna škola). Pilot istraživanje je realizovano na uzorku od 62 ispitanika oba pola, uzrasta od 14 do 19 godina. Za procenu samopoštovanja ispitanika korišćena je prilagođena Skala samopoštovanja (Self-esteem Scale, Andrews & Brown, 1993), a zadovoljstvo životom procenjeno je Skraćenom skalom depresija-sreća (Short Depression-Happiness Scale, Joseph, 1998, 2004). Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da razlike u samopoštovanju i zadovoljstvu životom nisu prisutne u odnosu na pol (p=0,256, p=0,255), uzrast (p=0,494, p=0,178) i stepen oštećenja sluha (p=0,150, p=0,212) ispitanika. Međutim, kulturni identitet, tj. druženje ispitanika sa gluvim i čujućim vršnjacima (bikulturna orijentacija) ili samo sa gluvim vršnjacima (kultura Gluvih) značajno utiče na samopoštovanje (p=0,017) i zadovoljstvo životom (p=0,023) ispitanika. Oni ispitanici koji su bikulturno orijentisani su pokazali viši nivo samopoštovanja i veće zadovoljstvo životom od ispitanika koji se identifikuju sa zajednicom Gluvih.

There are a number of strategies used by deaf and hard of hearing people in their daily activities in order to protect their self-esteem: the retreat to the Deaf community, camouflaging hearing impairment or developing bicultural skills. The primary aim of this research is to determine the level of self-esteem and life satisfaction of deaf and hard of hearing adolescents in different conditions of schooling (regular and special schools). The pilot research was conducted on a sample of 62 subjects of both genders, aged between 14 and 19. Self-Esteem Scale (Andrews & Brown, 1993) was used for the assessment of self-esteem, and Short Depression-Happiness Scale (Joseph, 1998, 2004) for the assessment of life satisfaction. The results suggest that the differences in self-esteem and life satisfaction are not present in relation to gender (p=0256, p=0.255), age (p=0494, p=0.178) and the degree of hearing impairment (p=0150, p=0212) of the participants. However, cultural identity, i.e. socializing with deaf and hearing peers (bicultural orientation) or only deaf peers (Deaf culture) significantly affects self-esteem (p=0.017) and life satisfaction (p=0.023). Those participants who are biculturally oriented showed a higher level of self-esteem and greater life satisfaction than the participants who identify with the Deaf community.