Karakteristike fundamentalne frekvencije vokala kod predavača

Abstract

Glas je kompleksna komponenta govora i produkt je vibratornog kretanja glasnica. Vibratorni pokreti glasnica i njihova interakcija sa vazdu.foom strujom odreduju akusticki signal glasnica. Patoloske promene na glasnicama deformisu akusticki signal i utieu na produkciju glasa. Profesionalno angaiovanje glasa podrazumeva visoko specijalizovanu ljudsku de/ atnost koja zahteva optima/no funkcionisanje bioloskih, psiholoskih i socijalnih faktora. Vokalni zamor, naroCito kod vokalnih profesionalaca, dovodi do promene vokalnog kvaliteta i smanjenja vokalne izdriljivosti. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se ispitaju akusticke karakteristike fundamentalne frekvencije vokala kod predavaca pre i pos/e vokalnog zamora, kao i povezanost parametara glasa sa duiinom radnog staia i pufockim statusom. lstraiivanje je sprovedeno na uzorku ad 60 ispitanika, ienskog po/a, iivotne dobi 25-59 god. Uzorak se sastojao ad 32 pufoea i 28 nepufoea, dok je raspon godina radnog staia bio ad 1 do 38 godina. U istraiivanju je bi/a koriscena Kompjuterska /aboratorija za analizu glasa, model 4300, ,,Kay Elemetrics" korporacije. Prilikom abrade podataka koriscene su metode deskriptivne i parametrijske statistike. U proveri razlika medu grupama i u ponovljenim merenjima unutar grupe primenjeni su jednofaktorska analiza varijanse (ANOVA) it-test za zavisne uzorke, dokje povezanost medu varijablama ispitivana racunanjem Pirsonovog koeficijenta korelacije. Rezultati istraiivanja pokazuju da su razlike u vrednostima fundamentalne frekvencije (Fa) pre i pos/e vokalnog zamora visoko statisticki znacajne (p<0,01) za sve vokale. Vrednosti fundamentalne frekvencije se kod pufoea i nepufoca statisticki znacajno razlikuju i pre i pos/e vokalnog zamora. Analiza varijanse pokazuje da su razlike u vrednostima Fa dobijene kod nepufoca pre i pos/e vokalnog zamora visoko statisticki znaeajne (p<0,01) za sve vokale. Rezultati istraiivanja pokazuju da se vrednosti fundamentalne frekvencije statisticki znacajno menjaju u zavisnosti ad vokalnog napora i pufockog statusa.

The voice is a complex component of speech and it occurs during the vibratory movement of the vocal cords. Vibratory movements of vocal cords and their interaction with the air stream determine the vocal acoustic signal. Pathological changes in vocal folds deform an acoustic signal and affect the production of voice. Professional use of voice is a highly specialized human activity that requires optimal functioning of biological, psychological and social factors. Vocal fatigue, especially in vocal professionals, can lead to changes in vocal quality and can also reduce vocal endurance. The aim of this study was to investigate the acoustic characteristics of fundamental frequency of vowels in lecturers, before and after vocal fatigue, as well as the correlation between voice parameters and years of service on one side and voice parameters and smoking status on the other side. The research was conducted with 60 subjects, all females, aged 25-59 years. The sample consisted of 32 smokers and 28 non-smokers, while years of service ranged from 1 to 38. In this study the computer lab for voice analysis, model 4300, ,,Kay Elemetrics" Corporation, was used. For data processing we used methods of descriptive and parametric statistics. For the computing of differences between groups and repeated measurements within groups, Single Factor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and t-test for paired samples were used, while the correlation between variables was investigated by calculating the Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. The results show that the differences in values of fundamental frequency (Fo), before and after vocal fatigue, are highly statistically significant (p<.01) for all vowels. The values of fundamental frequency in smokers and non-smokers significantly differ before and after vocal fatigue. Analysis of variance showed that the differences in Fo values obtained in non-smokers before and after vocal fatigue are highly statistically significant (p<.01) for all vowels. The results show that the values of the fundamental frequency significantly change depending on the vocal efforts and smoking status.