Determinante i faktori rizika izloženosti femicidu

Abstract

Violence against women is becoming a very frequent problem of each society, and further on, it implies that all social strata are included, from the poor to the rich, like all environments from rural to urban ones. Although society tries to suppress violent behaviour towards women through legislative regulations through different institutions and non-governmental organisations, it does not become less violent. Extreme form of gender-based violence is represented in femicide which has death victims as the final outcome, i.e. women who were abused. Each kind of violence, including violence against women, represents a severe problem that demands necessary solutions and prevention. Nevertheless, femicide, due to its fatal consequences does not leave the possibility of solving it. For the purpose of better understanding of femicide, we are going, through the review of relevant reference, to understand better and determine what gender-based homicide of women means, as well as its forms and features. Although femicide is present in different societies and environments, there are factors that increase the risk of being exposed to this problem, so in the paper, we are going to determine which are the risk factors. Comparative analysis of statistical data about the femicide in the world and in Serbia, we are going to try to form an objective review about the presence of femicide. Special attention is going to be given to criminal law regulative in Serbia for suppressing and punishing women's homicide.

Primenenie nasili] k `en\inam stanovits] vse bolee raspostranennoj problemoj lybogo ob\estva, ~to tak`e podrazumevaet, ~to v nego vkly~enw vse sloi ob\estva, ot bednwh do bogatwh i vse sloi naseleni], ot selxskih do gorodskih. Nesmotr] na to, ~to ob\estvo, s pomo\xy pravovwh norm, posredstvom dejstvij razli~nwh u~re`denij i nepravitelxstvennwh organizacij, stremits] podavitx agressivnoe povedenie po otno[eniy k `en\inam, ono, tem ne menee, ne oslabevaet. Krajnej formoj gendernogo nasili] ]vl]ets] femicid, kotorwj v kone~nom itoge privodit k smerti `ertvw ,t.e. `en\inw podvergnutoj nasiliy. Vse formw nasili], vkly~a] i nasilie v otno[enii `en\in, predstavl]yt soboj serxeznuy problemu, kotora] trebuet neobhodimogo re[eni] i predotvra\eni]. Odnako femicid, v silu svoih fatalxnwh posledstvij, ne predostavl]et mnogo vozmo`nostej dl] re[eni] problemw. ^tobw lu~[e pon]tx fenomen femicida, prosmotrev sootvetstvuy\uy literaturu, mw popwtaems] opredelitx, ~to takoe gendernoe ubijstvo `en\in, kakie ego tipw i formw. Nesmotr] na to, ~to femicid prisutstvuet v raznwh ob\estvah i sredah, vse `e su\estvuyt faktorw, povw[ay\ie risk vozdejstvi] toj problemw i potomu mw v nasto]\ej statxe popwtaetms] opredelitx faktorw riska . Putem stavnitelxnogo obzora statisti~eskih dannwh o femicide v Serbii, mw poprobuem datx obqektivnoe predstavlenie o ego rasprostranennosti . Osoboe vnimanie mw udelim normam ugolovnogo prava v Serbii v borxbe protiv gendernogo ubijstva `en\inw i nakazani] za nego.

Nasilje nad ženama postaje sve učestaliji problem svakog društva, što dalje implicira da su obuhvaćeni svi slojevi društva, od siromašnih do bogatih, kao i sve sredine, od seoskih do urbanih. Iako društvo nastoji da pravnim regulativama, delovanjem različitih institucija i nevladinih organizacija suzbije nasilničko ponašanje prema ženama, ono ne jenjava. Ekstremni oblik rodno zasnovanog nasilja predstavlja femicid, koji kao krajnji ishod ima smrt žrtve - žene nad kojom je vršeno nasilje. Svaki oblik nasilja, pa i nasilja prema ženama, predstavlja ozbiljan problem koji iziskuje neophodno rešavanje i prevenciju. Međutim, zbog svojih fatalnih posledica femicid ne ostavlja mogućnost da se ovaj problem reši. Kako bismo bolje shvatili fenomen femicida, nastojaćemo da pregledom relevantne literature determinišemo šta predstavlja rodno zasnovano ubistvo žena, kao i njegove vrste i oblike. Iako je femicid zastupljen u različitim društvima i sredinama, ipak postoje faktori koji povećavaju rizik izloženosti ovom problemu, zbog čega ćemo u radu utvrditi koji su to faktori rizika. Komparativnim pregledom statističkih podataka o femicidu u svetu i u Srbiji pokušaćemo da stvorimo objektivan uvid o zastupljenosti femicida. Posebnu pažnju posvetićemo krivičnopravnim regulativama u Srbiji u suzbijanju i kažnjavanju počinjenih ubistava žena.