Characteristics of drawings of man and house by blind children

Abstract

Drawing is an artistic discipline in which basic mean of expression is a line. The line can be used to represent almost any linear element: shape, light, direction, proportion, size, texture. Experts from the fields of special education and rehabilitation people with visual impairments and psychology are interested in whether blind people can draw meaningful symbols without additional exercise and learning of symbolic conventions. Goal of research is to examine characteristics of drawings of a man and a house by blind children who have previously not been trained in drawing. The sample included six 8-years old blind children without previous experience in drawing. They had a task to draw figure of a man and a house on a positive foil. Positive foil is part of a contemporary drawing kit which also includes light board covered with a layer of rubber and special pens. In three children we have found the existence of basic human matrix drawings, linking of form and meaning. In these drawings, parts are linked and integrated which is expressed in irregular lines. In three children it has been found that lines are not organized, there is no connection, but there is a spiral - a first attempt in imagining and drawing a figure of man. When it comes to drawing a house, it has been found that there is an attempt of arranging lines in proper spatial arrangement: the roof is up, windows, doors and floor at the bottom.

Crtanje je likovna disciplina u kojoj je linija osnovno izražajno sredstvo. Linijom se mogu predstaviti linijski elementi: oblik, svetlina, pravac, proporcija, veličina, tekstura. Stručnjake iz oblasti specijalne edukacije i rehabilitacije osoba sa oštećenjem vida i psihologije interesuje da li slepi mogu da crtaju simbole, bez dodatne vežbe i učenja simboličkih konvencija. Cilj istraživanja: Utvrditi karakteristike crtanja figure čoveka i kuće kod slepe dece koja prethodno nisu obučavana u crtanju. Uzorkom je obuhvaćeno šestoro slepe dece, uzrasta od osam godina. Deca nisu imala nikakvog iskustva u crtanju. Zadatak je bio da nacrtaju figuru čoveka i kuće na pozitivnoj foliji. Pozitivna folija je deo savremenog pribora za crtanje u čiji sastav ulaze i lagana tabla pokrivena slojem gume i specijalne olovke. Kod troje dece utvrđeno je postojanje osnovne matrice crteža čoveka, povezivanje oblika i značenja. Na crtežima kuće postoje pokušaji povezivanja i objedinjavanja delova. Kod troje dece utvrđeno je da ne postoji osnovna matrica crteža čoveka, linije nisu organizovane, nema spajanja, ali da postoji spirala - prvi korak u crtanju čoveka. Kada je u pitanju crtanje kuće, utvrđeno je da postoje pokušaji slaganja linija pravilnog prostornog rasporeda: krov gore, prozori, vrata i pod dole.