Relation between working memory and self-control capacity in participants with mild intellectual disability

Abstract

Working memory is activated in situations which require active control of directing attention, processing information and making it available for a short time. Its content is limited in capacity and changes with regard to the context of a performed activity. Self-control is the capacity of a voluntary conscious effort to persist in achieving a previously set goal. The aim of this research was to determine the relation of verbal and visuospatial aspects of working memory with self-control skills in persons with mild intellectual disability (ID). The sample included 40 participants 8-12 years of age (M=10.65, SD=1.19). Memorizing a Maze task, adapted for participants with ID, was used to determine the capacity of visuospatial aspect of working memory. Memorizing Animals task was used to assess verbal aspect of working memory, and Self-Control Rating Scale was used to determine the acquisition level of self-control skills. It was determined that verbal aspects of working memory were significantly related to the acquired level of self-control skills (p=0.002). There was no significant relation between the results of tasks assessing the capacity of visuospatial working memory and the success on the scale assessing self-control capacity (p=0.089). The relation between self-control and verbal aspect of working memory may be explained by close links between using speech and applying self-regulation strategies.

Radna memorija se aktivira u situacijama u kojima je potrebno aktivno kontrolisanje usmeravanja pažnje, obrađivanje i kratkoročno održavanje informacija dostupnim. Njen sadržaj je ograničenog kapaciteta i menja se u skladu sa kontekstom u kom se odvija aktivnost. Samokontrola predstavlja kapacitet voljnog svesnog napora da se istraje u realizaciji unapred postavljenog cilja. Cilj istraživanja je da se utvrdi odnos verbalnog i vizuospacijalnog aspekta radne memorije i veština samokontrole kod osoba sa lakom intelektualnom ometenošću (IO). Uzorkom je obuhvaćeno 40 ispitanika uzrasta od 8 do 12 godina (AS=10,65, SD=1,19). Zadatak Pamćenje lavirinta, prilagođen za ispitanike sa IO, upotrebljen je da bi se utvrdio kapacitet vizuospacijalnog aspekta radne memorije. Za procenu verbalnog aspekta radne memorije upotrebljen je zadatak Pamćenje životinja, a nivo usvojenosti veština samokontrole ispitan je primenom Skale za procenu samokontrole. Utvrđeno je da je verbalni aspekt radne memorije značajno povezan sa nivoom usvojenosti veština samokontrole (p=0,002). Rezultati na zadatku za procenu kapaciteta vizuospacijalne radne memorije i uspeh na skali za procenu kapaciteta samokontrole nisu bili značajno povezani (p=0,089). Povezanost samokontrole sa verbalnim aspektom radne memorije može se tumačiti bliskim vezama upotrebe govora u primeni strategija za regulaciju sopstvenog ponašanja.