Serum Biomarker Analysis in Pediatric ADHD: Implications of Homocysteine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Ferritin, and Iron Levels
2024
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Authors
Lukovac, TanjaHil, Olivera Aleksić
Popović, Milka
Jovanović, Vitomir
Savić, Tatjana
Pavlović, Aleksandra M.
Pavlović, Dragan
Article (Published version)
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The current diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is based on history, clinical observation, and behavioral tests. There is a high demand to find biomarkers for the diagnosis of ADHD. The aim of this study is to analyze the serum profiles of several biomarkers, including homocysteine (Hcy), vitamin B12, vitamin D, ferritin, and iron, in a cohort of 133 male subjects (6.5–12.5 years), including 67 individuals with an ADHD diagnosis based on DSM-V criteria and 66 age-matched healthy boys (healthy controls, HC). Assessments for ADHD included the Iowa Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale (CPRS) and the ADHDT test, as well as cognitive assessments using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and the TROG-2 language comprehension test. Hcy and iron were quantified using spectrophotometry, while vitamin B12 and total 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were determined using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) and ferritin was measured using a particl...e-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay. The results showed significantly increased Hcy levels and decreased vitamin B12 levels in ADHD patients compared to HCs. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that Hcy is a potential prognostic indicator for ADHD. These results suggest that elevated homocysteine and decreased vitamin B12 may serve as markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of ADHD.
Keywords:
ADHD / children / ferritin / homocysteine / iron / vitamin B12 / vitamin DSource:
Children, 2024, 11, 4, 497-Publisher:
- MDPI
Funding / projects:
- This work was supported by the Department of Scientific Research of Company Lane Team with the Center of language pathology Higia Logos (Grant No, 2-12-18) and The Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (contract number, 451-03-66/2024-03/200007).
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https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/11/4/497internal-pdf://2348/Lukovac et al. - 2024 - Serum Biomarker Analysis in Pediatric ADHD Implic.pdf
http://rfasper.fasper.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5429
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rFASPERTY - JOUR AU - Lukovac, Tanja AU - Hil, Olivera Aleksić AU - Popović, Milka AU - Jovanović, Vitomir AU - Savić, Tatjana AU - Pavlović, Aleksandra M. AU - Pavlović, Dragan PY - 2024 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/11/4/497 UR - internal-pdf://2348/Lukovac et al. - 2024 - Serum Biomarker Analysis in Pediatric ADHD Implic.pdf UR - http://rfasper.fasper.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5429 AB - The current diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is based on history, clinical observation, and behavioral tests. There is a high demand to find biomarkers for the diagnosis of ADHD. The aim of this study is to analyze the serum profiles of several biomarkers, including homocysteine (Hcy), vitamin B12, vitamin D, ferritin, and iron, in a cohort of 133 male subjects (6.5–12.5 years), including 67 individuals with an ADHD diagnosis based on DSM-V criteria and 66 age-matched healthy boys (healthy controls, HC). Assessments for ADHD included the Iowa Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale (CPRS) and the ADHDT test, as well as cognitive assessments using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and the TROG-2 language comprehension test. Hcy and iron were quantified using spectrophotometry, while vitamin B12 and total 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were determined using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) and ferritin was measured using a particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay. The results showed significantly increased Hcy levels and decreased vitamin B12 levels in ADHD patients compared to HCs. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that Hcy is a potential prognostic indicator for ADHD. These results suggest that elevated homocysteine and decreased vitamin B12 may serve as markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of ADHD. PB - MDPI T2 - Children T2 - Children T1 - Serum Biomarker Analysis in Pediatric ADHD: Implications of Homocysteine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Ferritin, and Iron Levels IS - 4 SP - 497 VL - 11 DO - 10.3390/children11040497 ER -
@article{ author = "Lukovac, Tanja and Hil, Olivera Aleksić and Popović, Milka and Jovanović, Vitomir and Savić, Tatjana and Pavlović, Aleksandra M. and Pavlović, Dragan", year = "2024", abstract = "The current diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is based on history, clinical observation, and behavioral tests. There is a high demand to find biomarkers for the diagnosis of ADHD. The aim of this study is to analyze the serum profiles of several biomarkers, including homocysteine (Hcy), vitamin B12, vitamin D, ferritin, and iron, in a cohort of 133 male subjects (6.5–12.5 years), including 67 individuals with an ADHD diagnosis based on DSM-V criteria and 66 age-matched healthy boys (healthy controls, HC). Assessments for ADHD included the Iowa Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale (CPRS) and the ADHDT test, as well as cognitive assessments using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and the TROG-2 language comprehension test. Hcy and iron were quantified using spectrophotometry, while vitamin B12 and total 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were determined using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) and ferritin was measured using a particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay. The results showed significantly increased Hcy levels and decreased vitamin B12 levels in ADHD patients compared to HCs. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that Hcy is a potential prognostic indicator for ADHD. These results suggest that elevated homocysteine and decreased vitamin B12 may serve as markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of ADHD.", publisher = "MDPI", journal = "Children, Children", title = "Serum Biomarker Analysis in Pediatric ADHD: Implications of Homocysteine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Ferritin, and Iron Levels", number = "4", pages = "497", volume = "11", doi = "10.3390/children11040497" }
Lukovac, T., Hil, O. A., Popović, M., Jovanović, V., Savić, T., Pavlović, A. M.,& Pavlović, D.. (2024). Serum Biomarker Analysis in Pediatric ADHD: Implications of Homocysteine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Ferritin, and Iron Levels. in Children MDPI., 11(4), 497. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11040497
Lukovac T, Hil OA, Popović M, Jovanović V, Savić T, Pavlović AM, Pavlović D. Serum Biomarker Analysis in Pediatric ADHD: Implications of Homocysteine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Ferritin, and Iron Levels. in Children. 2024;11(4):497. doi:10.3390/children11040497 .
Lukovac, Tanja, Hil, Olivera Aleksić, Popović, Milka, Jovanović, Vitomir, Savić, Tatjana, Pavlović, Aleksandra M., Pavlović, Dragan, "Serum Biomarker Analysis in Pediatric ADHD: Implications of Homocysteine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Ferritin, and Iron Levels" in Children, 11, no. 4 (2024):497, https://doi.org/10.3390/children11040497 . .