Stereotipi o osobama sa oštećenjem vida u kinematografiji

Abstract

Predstavljanje osoba sa oštećenjem vida u književnosti, medijima i filmu značajno utiče na formiranje stavova prema njima. Pored ostalih činilaca, po- stepeno menjanje stavova uslovljeno stvaranjem što realnije slike u medijskom diskursu doprinosi menjanju predstava kod većinske populacije i prihvatanju ovih osoba kao ravnopravnih članova zajednice. Uočljivo je da se u medijima često koriste neadekvatna terminologija o oso- bama sa oštećenjem vida i negativne i stereotipne poruke o njima. Film kao značajan medijski sadržaj može doprineti diskriminaciji dajući lažnu sli- ku o njihovim potencijalima, uticaju prisutnog oštećenja na svakodenvni život, međuljudske odnose i druge aspekte života ovih osoba. S jedne strane, osobe sa oštećenjem vida se na filmu prikazuju kao nemoćne, žrtve vlastitog oštećenja ili društva u kome žive. S druge strane, prikazuju se kao heroji koji su posebnim sposobnostima kompenzovali gubitak vida i prevazišli sve iza- zove. Te sposobnosti najčešće podrazumevaju atipično razvijen sluh, mudrost, orijentaciju u prostoru ili neuobičajenu spretnost. U filmovima i drugim kulturnim ostvarenjima likove slepih osoba uglav- nom glume profesionalci bez oštećenja vida. Ponekad je njihova gluma prena- glašena, praćena neprirodnim, ukočenim pokretima tela, čime se slepe osobe prikazuju na pogrešan, karikaturalan način. Poželjno bi bilo da se više osoba sa oštećenjem vida angažuje u filmskoj produkciji, kao i da se likovi osoba sa oštećenjem vida prikazuju na realan i afirmativan način.

Representation of visually impaired persons in literature, media and film significantly influenced the formation of attitudes toward them. In addition to other factors, the gradual change of attitudes, conditioned by the creation of a more realistic image in the media discourse contributes to changing the ideas of the majority population and the acceptance of these people as equal community members. It is noticeable that inadequate terminology about people with visual impairment, as well as negative and stereotypical messages about them, often appear in the media. The film as a significant media content can contribute to discrimination by giving a false image of their potential, the impact of the existing impairment on everyday life, interpersonal relationships and other lives aspects of these persons. One point of view in the film is that people with visual impairment are portrayed as powerless, victims of their own impairment or the society in which they live. On the other hand, they are shown as heroes who compensated for the loss of sight with special abilities and overcame all the challenges. These abilities usually include atypically developed hearing, wisdom, orientation in space or unusual handiness. In the movies and other cultural productions, the characters of blind people are mostly played by professionals without visual impairment. Sometimes their acting is exaggerated, accompanied by unnatural, stiff body movements, thus portraying blind people in a wrong, caricature way. It would be desirable if more people with visual impairment were involved in film production, as well as if the characters of aforementioned people were portrayed in a realistic and affirmative way.