Social reaction in the protection of parentless children rights

Abstract

The aim of the paper is to point to the forms of social reactions in protection of children without parental care, as well as the reform changes in the system of social protection. The introduction of the paper offers an overview of international and domestic legislation regulating basic rights of parentless children. Furthermore, it also deals with the development of forms of children protection in Serbia and with the relevant practices when children with special needs without parental care are in question. Special part of the paper analyses modern currents and models of the system of social protection both in Serbia and in the world. Through descriptive and critical-analytical approach of key advantages and disadvantages of institutional and family setting the authors of the paper consider the possibilities and limitations of the new model of social protection, as well as the effects of the process of deinstitutionalization and transformation of institutions in Serbia. General conclusion of the authors is that protection and support to children without parental care cannot have desirable effects without necessary changes in the organization of life itself, the way of work with children and contents offered to them within protection both in and out of an institution.

U ovom radu cilj je da se ukaže na oblike društvenog reagovanja u zaštiti prava dece bez roditeljskog staranja i reformske promene u sistemu socijalne zaštite. U uvodu je pažnja posvećena pregledu međunarodnih i domaćih propisa i dokumenta koji regulišu osnovna prava dece bez roditeljskog staranja. Takođe, dat je kraći osvrt na razvoj oblika zaštite dece u našoj zemlji kao i relevantne prakse kada su u pitanju deca sa teškoćama u razvoju koja su bez roditeljskog staranja. U posebnom delu rada analizirani su savremeni pravci i modeli sistema socijalne zaštite kod nas i u svetu. Kroz deskripitvni i kritičko-analitički pristup ključnih prednosti i nedostataka institucionalnog i porodičnog smeštaja ukazano je na mogućnosti i ograničenja novog modela socijalne zaštite, te efekte procesa deinstitucionalizacije i tranformacije ustanova u našoj sredini. Opšti je zaključak autora da zaštita i podrška deci bez roditeljskog staranja ne može imati željene efekte ukoliko se ne učine neophodne promene u samoj organizaciji života, načinu rada s decom i sadržajima koji im se nude, kako u institucionalnoj, tako i vaninstitucionalnoj zaštiti. .