Tip stanovanja kao faktor samoodređenja osoba sa umerenom intelektualnom ometenošću

Abstract

Uvod: Prethodna istraživanja su pokazala da je nivo samoodređenja osoba sa intelektualnom ometenošću determinisan različitim činiocima. Tip stanovanja je jedan od značajnih činilaca razvoja i praktikovanja te veštine. Cilj: Cilj rada je utvrđivanje razlika u nivou samoodređenja između osoba sa umerenom intelektualnom ometenošću koje žive u različitim tipovima stanovanja. Metode: Uzorkom je obuhvaćeno 87 odraslih osoba sa umerenom intelektualnom ometenošću, oba pola, koji žive u različitim tipovima stanovanja: u primarnim porodicama, institucijama ili programu stanovanja uz podršku. Za prikupljanje podataka o nivou samoodređenja korišćena je ARC skala samoodređenja. Rezultati: Utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike između ispitanika koji žive u

različitim tipovima stanovanja na nivou ukupnog samoodređenja (F = 14,500; p

< .001) i komponenti samoodređenja: autonomije (F = 17,995; p < .001), samoregulacije (F = 8,011; p = .001), psihološke osnaženosti (F = 15,634; p = .005) i

samorealizacije (F = 5,837; p = .004). Nivo samoodređenja osoba sa umerenom

intelektualnom ometenošću koje stanuju u zajednici uz podršku statistički je značajno viši od nivoa samoodređenja osoba koje stanuju u primarnim porodicama

(p < .001) i institucijama (p = .004). Osobe koje stanuju u institucijama imaju viši

nivo samoodređenja od onih koje žive sa svojim porodicama (p = .038). Zaključak: Stanovanje u zajednici uz podršku predstavlja optimalan ambijent

za razvoj veština samoodređenja odraslih osoba sa umerenom intelektualnom

ometenošću. Potrebno je intenzivirati praksu stanovanja u zajednici uz podršku za osobe sa umerenom intelektualnom ometenošću, s obzirom na to da je utvrđen stimulativan uticaj ovog tipa stanovanja na razvoj i praktikovanje ve- ština samoodređenog ponašanja.

Introduction: Previous research has shown that the level of self- determination in people with intellectual disability is determined by various factors. The type of housing is one of the important factors in the development and practice of that skill. Aim: The objective of the paper was to determine the difference in the level of selfdetermination

between persons with moderate intellectual disability who live in different types of housing. Methods: The sample included 87 adults with moderate intellectual disability, of both genders, living in different types of housing: in primary families, institutions, or a supported housing program. The ARC self-determination scale was used to collect data on the level of self- determination. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between respondents living in different types of housing at the level of total self-determination (F = 14.500; p < .001) and components of self- determination: autonomy (F = 17.995; p<.001), self-regulation (F = 8.011; p = .001), psychological empowerment (F = 15.634; p = .005) and self- realization (F = 5.837; p = .004). The level of self-determination in persons with moderate intellectual disabilities within the supported community living program was statistically significantly higher than the level of self-determination in persons living in primary families (p < .001) and institutions (p = .004). People who lived in institutions had a higher level of self-determination than those who lived with their families (p = .038). Conclusion: The supported community living program is an optimal environment for the development of self-determination in adults with moderate intellectual disabilities. It is necessary to intensify the practice of supported housing in a community for people with moderate intellectual disability, considering the determined stimulating effect on the development and practice of self-determined behavior skills.