Značaj sporta za pripadnike zajednice gluvih

Abstract

Uvod: Karakteristika sporta da, pored unapređenja fizičkih sposobnosti, pomaže i socijalizaciju osoba koje ga upražnjavaju, čini ga veoma značajnim sistemom aktivnosti u životu gluvih i nagluvih. S obzirom na to da su gluvi i nagluvi često marginalizovani od tipične populacije, učešće u sportskim aktivnostima može u velikoj meri doprineti njihovoj vidljivosti, a time i inkluziji u većinsku društvenu zajednicu. Važno je naglasiti da gluvoća ili nagluvost pojedinca ne predstavljaju ograničavajući faktor za njegovo bavljenje sportom ukoliko je očuvana funkcija centra za ravnotežu. Cilj: Cilj ovog rada je da putem analize dostupne literature pruži sistematski uvid u mogućnosti gluvih da participiraju u sportskim aktivnostima, kao i da ukaže na značaj koji sport može da ima u njihovim životima. Metode: Deskriptivna, analiza, sinteza, evaluacija sadržaja. Rezultati: Sport predstavlja značajnu komponentu u životu mnogih gluvih i nagluvih osoba. Gluve i nagluve osobe mogu se baviti sportom u okviru organizovanih aktivnosti, samostalno, rekreativno, ali i profesionalno. Profesionalni gluvi i nagluvi sportisti imaju mogućnost da se takmiče na specijalizovanim takmičenjima, koja su namenjena osobama sa ometenošću ili samo gluvima i nagluvima, kao i na takmičenjima na kojima nastupaju prevalentno tipični sportisti. Zaključak: U cilju postizanja inkluzije gluvih važno je koristiti potencijal koji imaju sportske aktivnosti kao podjednako dostupne i gluvim osobama, i pripadnicima tipične populacije.

Introduction. Apart from developing physical skills, a characteristic of sport is that it also helps the socialization of the persons who do it. Thus, it is a rather significant system of activities in the lives of people who are deaf or hard of hearing. Considering the fact that these persons are often marginalized by the typical population, participating in sports activities may contribute to their visibility to a great extent and thus to their inclusion in the social community. It is important to underline that an individual’s deafness or being hard of hearing does not represent a limiting factor for their doing sports if the function of the center of gravity is preserved. Objective. The aim of this work was to provide a systematic insight into the possibilities of the deaf to participate in sports activities through the analysis of the available literature, as well as to indicate the importance that sports can have in their lives. Methods. The descriptive method, analysis, synthesis, and content evaluation were used. Results. Sports are an important component in the lives of many deaf and hard-of-hearing people. Deaf and hard-of-hearing persons may do sports as part of organized activities, independently, for recreational purposes, but also professionally. Professional deaf and hard-of-hearing athletes have the possibility of taking part in specialized competitions which are intended for persons with disabilities or only for deaf and hard-of-hearing persons, as well as in competitions in which predominantly typical athletes participate. Conclusion. In order to achieve the inclusion of the deaf, it is important to use the potential of sports activities as equally accessible to deaf people and members of the typical population.