Perspectives and Challenges in Cognitive Enhancement Based on the Neurotechnology Approach

Abstract

Cognitive enhancement or neuroenhancement implies any action or intervention that improves performance related to cognitive abilities such as learning, memory, attention, or vigilance. The whole approach is based on an understanding of the underlying neurobiology of cognitive functions and interventions through conventional methods (environmental enrichment, adequate sleep, optimized diet, physical activity, etc.), pharmacological methods (nootropics and drugs used for treating patients with neurological disorders) and neurostimulation. Due to the latest developments in the field of technology, the possibility to enhance cognitive function using computer chip implants in the brain is opened. Such devices that interface with the neural system are presently in development and engaged only for those with a therapeutic requirement. On the other hand, as for all methods of cognitive enhancement, it is really hard to draw the line between their approved and non-approved usage. Therefore, the upcoming application of brain chip implants could expand brain performance for individuals even without therapeutic prerequisite, although both the public and scientists already anticipate some negative impacts. This paper discusses perspectives and challenges in the latest development of the neurotechnology approach used to improve cognitive performance.