Životne navike kod osoba sa strabizmom

Abstract

Uvod: Životne navike predstavljaju društvene uloge koje se procenjuju kroz prizmu svakodnevnih aktivnosti, sociokulturnog statusa ili drugih odlika osobe. Strabizam predstavlja nejednaku usmerenost osa oba oka ka predmetu posmatranja, pri čemu jedno ili oba oka mogu skretati ka nosu ili upolje. Ovakvo stanje umanjuje vizuelne sposobnosti, čime direktno utiče na realizaciju životnih navika i svakodnevnih životnih aktivnosti, a zbog manifestne prirode može negativno uticati na formiranje slike o sebi. Cilj: Cilj istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi da li postoji povezanost životnih navika i pojave strabizma kod odraslih osoba. Metode: Kriterijumi za učešće u istraživanju bili su da osoba ima najmanje 18 godina i da ima dijagnostikovan manifestni strabizam. Te kriterijume u periodu istraživanja ispunile su 33 osobe (17 ispitanika i 16 ispitanica). Podaci su prikupljeni Upitnikom za prikupljanje sociodemografskih podataka i Skalom za procenu životnih navika, skraćenom verzijom (Assessment of Life Habits general short form – LIFE-H 3.1). Korišćen je deo skale koji se odnosi na procenu šest domena životnih aktivnosti, a to su: ishrana, opšta kondicija, lična higijena, komunikacija, stanovanje i mobilnost. Istraživanje je obavljeno u Beogradu, u Kliničkom centru Srbije, na Odeljenju za strabizam i ambliopiju. Rezultati i zaključak: Iako su se zbog specifičnih teškoća sa vidom (pojava duplih slika, prisutnih astenopijskih tegoba, problema s percipiranjem dubine prostora itd.) mogli očekivati i izazovi prilikom obavljanja različitih aktivnosti uz domena životnih navika, dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na to da odrasle osobe s manifestnim strabizmom uspešno realizuju aktivnosti ishrane, opšte kondicije, lične higijene, komunikacije, stanovanja i mobilnosti. Preciznije, nisu detektovane razlike između ispitanika i ispitanica, između onih kod kojih je strabizam hirurški korigovan i onih kod kojih nije, kao ni kod osoba sa kod kojih je strabizam nastao kasnije u životu (kongenitalan vs. stečeni). U budućim istraživanjima treba proveriti povezanost ostalih domena životnih navika i društvenih uloga (realizacija školskih ili radnih aktivnosti, međuljudski odnosi itd.) na koje bi uticaj manifestnog strabizma mogao biti značajniji.

Introduction: Life habits is a term that represents social roles that are evaluated through the prism of daily activities, socio-cultural status, or other characteristics of a person. Strabismus represents the unequal orientation of the axes of both eyes towards the object of observation, whereby one or both eyes can turn toward the nose or outwards. This condition reduces visual abilities, which directly affects the realization of life habits and daily life activities, and due to its manifest nature, it can negatively affect the formation of self-image. Aim: To determine whether there is a connection between life habits and the appearance of strabismus in adults. Methods: The criteria for participation in the research was that the person was at least 18 years old and had been diagnosed with manifest strabismus. During the research period, the aforementioned criteria were met by 33 respondents (17 males and 16 females). Data were collected by a sociodemographic questionnaire and shortened form of the Assessment of Life Habits (LIFE-H 3.1). Part of the scale that refers to the assessment of six domains of daily activities was used: nutrition, general condition, personal hygiene, communication, housing, and mobility. The research was conducted in Belgrade, at the Clinical Center of Serbia, at the Department of Strabismus and Amblyopia. Results and conclusion: Although due to specific visual difficulties (double vision, presence of asthenopic problems, difficulties with depth perception, etc.), some challenges during various daily activities were expected, the obtained results indicate that adults with manifest strabismus were successful in realizing activities of nutrition, general condition, personal hygiene, communication, housing, and mobility. There were no detected differences between male and female respondents, between those whose strabismus was surgically corrected and those who were not, as well as among adults whose strabismus developed later in life (congenital vs. acquired). Future research should check the connection between other domains of life habits as well as social roles (implementation of school or work activities, interpersonal relationships, etc.) on which the influence of manifest strabismus could be more significant.