Znakovna poezija

Abstract

Uvod: Poezija je oduvek percipirana kao umetnost koja se stvara u pisanoj, a izražava u vokalnoj formi putem recitovanja. Za mnoge kritičare i ljubitelje poezije 19. veka ona predstavlja ritmičku i vibrantnu sintezu koja se ogleda u izražajnom glasanju koje je oplemenjeno pokretima i facijalnom ekspresijom, sadrži muzičke elemente u vidu različitih modusa metra, ritma i rime koji je oplemenjuju, čine multidimenzionalnom, ekspresivnom i prefinjenom. Generacije stručnjaka su smatrale da je stvaranje poezije dar ili talenat koji nije dostupan gluvim i nagluvim osobama. Cilj: Cilj ovog rada je da ukaže na istorijske i sociokulturne okvire, specifičnosti, poteškoće i doprinos savremene tehnologije u izražavanju znakovne poezije gluvih osoba. Metode: Primenjene metode su uporedna analiza, evaluacija i sistem dedukcije i indukcije u razmatranju dostupne literature. Rezultati: Znakovna poezija je veoma dugo imala neformalni karakter i izvodila se u zajednici gluvih na zabavama, skupovima i druženjima. Mnogi naučnici, kritičari, nisu ni pomišljali da gluve osobe mogu stvarati poeziju, biti pesnici. Međutim, Džon Karlin (John Carlin, 1813‒1891), iako kongenitalno gluva osoba, bio je veoma talentovan pesnik, pisac i slikar. Njegovim savremenicima je ta činjenica bila iznenađenje i izazivala je nevericu. Zahvaljujući njegovom primeru, i oni i njihovi naslednici shvatili su da gluvoća ne ograničava mogućnosti za bavljenje ovim vidom umetnosti. Znakovna poezija je vizuelna umetnička forma koja postaje sve aktuelnija u zajednici gluvih i čujućih osoba. Iako nije imala istu istoriju i institucionalnu podršku u različitim državama sveta, znakovna poezija izaziva sve veće interesovanje, finansijsku podršku i priznanje, pre svega zahvaljujući razvoju tehnologije. Zaključak: Savremeni svet predstavlja idealan okvir za razvoj i afirmaciju znakovne poezije. Danas gluvi pesnici snimaju svoju znakovnu poeziju ili prevode poeziju drugih autora na znakovni jezik, tako da su video snimci dostupni i prilagođeni široj javnosti.

Introduction: Poetry has always been perceived as an art that is created in writing and expressed in vocal form through recitation. For many critics and lovers of 19th-century poetry, it represents a rhythmic and vibrant synthesis that is reflected in the expressive voice followed by movements and facial expression, contains musical elements in the form of different modes of meter, rhythm, and rhyme that refine it and make it multidimensional, expressive, and refined. Generations of experts have considered the creation of poetry to be a gift or talent unavailable to the deaf and hard of hearing. Aim: The aim of this paper is to point out the historical and sociocultural frameworks, specificities, difficulties, and the contribution of modern technology in the expression of signed poetry of deaf people. Methods: The applied methods are comparative analysis, evaluation, and the system of deduction and induction in considering the available literature. Results: Signed poetry has had an informal character for a very long time and was performed in the deaf community at parties, gatherings, and get- togethers. Many scientists and critics did not even think that deaf people could create poetry or be poets. However, John Carlin (1813-1891), although a congenitally deaf person, was a very talented poet, writer, and painter. To his contemporaries, this fact was a surprise and caused disbelief. Thanks to his example, both they and their successors realized that deafness does not limit the possibilities for practicing this form of art. Signed poetry is a visual art form that is becoming more and more relevant in the deaf and hearing community. Although it did not have the same history and institutional support in different countries of the world, signed poetry is attracting increasing interest, financial support, and recognition, primarily thanks to the development of technology. Conclusion: The modern world represents an ideal framework for the development and affirmation of signed poetry. Today, deaf poets record their own signed poetry or translate the poetry of other authors into sign language, so that the videos are available and adapted to the general public.