Uloga surdologa i logopeda u forenzičkoj analizi glasa i govora

Abstract

Forenzika glasa i govora predstavlja disciplinu primenjene fonetike koja se, počevši od šezdesetih godina dvadesetog veka, učestalo koristi u istražnim i sudskim procesima širom sveta. Metode koje se koriste u okviru ove forenzičke discipline su se vremenom menjale, umnožavale i usavršavale, što je neminovno uslovljavalo prilagođavanje postupanja veštaka za glas i govor njihovim zahtevima. Osnovni zahtev svih metoda koje se koriste u forenzičkoj fonetici se odnosi na formalno obrazovanje veštaka koji metode primenjuju.Veštačenja glasa i govora se uobičajeno rade komisijski, a tim veštaka obavezno čine stručnjak iz oblasti glasa i govora (lingvista, surdolog ili logoped) i inženjer (po mogućstvu elektrotehničke struke). Kao dodatni član tima, ukoliko se proceni da postoji potreba, može se angažovati i psiholog, iako je praksa pokazala da u većini slučajeva ne postoji opravdana potreba za njegovim uključivanjem u proces veštačenja. Nalazi veštaka i njihovo stručno mišljenje se smatraju validnim na sudu, i u Srbiji i u inostranstvu, a metodologija rada je regulisana nizom domaćih i međunarodnih propisa koji se odnose na ovu oblast veštačenja.

Forensic analysis of voice and speech is a discipline of applied phonetics which has been frequently used in research and court proceedings worldwide starting from the 1960s. The methods which are used within this forensic discipline have changed, multiplied and developed through time, which inevitably necessitated the adjustment of voice and speech experts’ techniques to their requirements. The basic requirement of all methods used in forensic analysis of voice and speech relates to formal education of the experts who apply those methods. Forensic analysis of voice and speech is usually performed by a commission, while the team of experts by definition comprises an expert in the field of voice and speech (a surdologist, a speech pathologist and linguist,) and an engineer. A psychologist can also be engaged as an additional team member if it assessed that there is such a need, although the practice has shown that in most cases there is no valid need for his or her involvement in the process of forensic analysis. The findings of forensic experts and their expert opinion are considered valid in court in both Serbia and abroad, while the methodology of work are stipulated by a series of domestic and international regulations which relate to this field of forensic analysis.