Kvalitet odnosa između braće i sestara u alkoholičarskim porodicama

Abstract

Odnos izme�����u braće i sestara (siblinga) je najtrajnija porodična relacija. Premda su deo porodičnog sistema, siblinške relacije imaju svojerodne karakteristike, koje se mogu razlikovati u specifičnim porodičnim okolnostima. Ciljevi ovog istraživanja su adaptacija i provera metrijskih odlika Upitnika za procenu kvaliteta odnosa izme�����u braće i sestara (SRQ, Sibling Relationship Questionnaire), te njegova validacija putem pore�����enja dimenzija siblinških odnosa u alkoholičarkim i funkcionalnim porodicama. U prvoj studiji je ispitano 322 ispitanika, a najviši prosečni skorovi su registrovani na subskalama Naklonjenost (M=4.15), Divljenje prema siblingu (M=3.74), Divljenje od strane siblinga (M=3.65) i Prosocijalno ponašanje (M=3.59), a najniži na subskalama Takmičenje (M=2.22), Dominantnost siblinga (M=2.65) i Dominantnost nad siblingom (2.65), što ukazuje na ulogu i značaj siblinških odnosa kod adolescenata. Iako raspodele skorova dosledno odstupaju od normalne distribucije, pouzdanost subskala iskazana u terminima unutrašnje doslednosti je relativno zadovoljavajuća. U drugoj studiji su pore�����ene razlike u prosečnim skorovima na subkslama i faktorima SRQ upitnika u dve grupe ispitanika (iz alkoholočarskih porodica i iz kontrolne grupe), pri čemu je kontrola konfundirajućih varijabli sprovedena tehnikom sparivanja. Unutar alkoholičarskih porodica postoji veća pristrasnost majke u smislu favorizovanja samog ispitanika u odnosu na drugog siblinga (U=226, p<.01), a dominantnost koju ispitanici iskazuju nad svojim siblingom je niža u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu (U=256.5; p<.01). Pored toga, u siblinškom odnosu unutar alkoholičarske porodice je značajno niža brižnost, odnosno nega prema bratu/sestri (U=252, p<.01), a povišeno suparništvo (U=290.5; p<.05). Posmatrano na nivou faktorskih skorova, ispitanici iz alkoholičarskih porodica pokazuju veći intenzitet rivaliteta prema siblinzima (U=269; p<.01), dok istovremeno izveštavaju da imaju manju moć, odnosno nepovoljniji relativni status unutar siblinške dijade (U=273.5; p<.01). Dobijeni nalazi su u skladu sa hipotezom komplementarnosti porodičnih i siblinških odnosa.

The relationship between brothers and sisters is the longest-lasting family relation. Although they are part of a family system, sibling relationships have distinctive characteristics, which can differ in specific family circumstances. The goals of this research are the adaptation and testing of metric characteristics of Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (SRQ), as well as the validation through comparing dimensions of sibling relationships between alcoholic and functional families. In the first of the two studies, 322 participants were examined, the highest scores were registered on subscales of Affection (M=4.15), Admiration of Sibling (M=3.47), Admiration by Sibling (M=3.65) and Prosocial (M=3.59), and the lowest scores were on subscales of Competition (M=2.22), Dominance of Sibling (M=2.65) and Dominance by Sibling (M=2.65), which indicates the role and significance of sibling relationships in adolescents. Although score distributions consistently deviate from normal distribution, the reliability of subscales in terms of internal consistency is relatively satisfying. In the second study a comparison of average scores on subscales and factors of SRQ was made between two groups of participants (from alcoholic families and from a control group). Control of confounding variables was conducted through pairing. In alcoholic families there is a bigger maternal partiality, compared to their siblings, participants are more favoured by their mothers (U=226, p<.01), and also less dominative over their siblings in comparison to the control group (U=256.5; p<.01). Moreover, sibling relationships in alcoholic familes are characterised with significantly lower nurturance of sibling (U=252, p<.01) and higher antagonism (U=290.5; p<.05). Factors scores show that siblings from alcoholic families display rivalry of higher intensity (U=269; p<.01), while, at the same time, report that they have less power – that is, that their relative status in the sibling dyad is adverse (U=273.5; p<.01). Results are compatible with the hypothesis of complementarity of family and sibling relations.