Psychological characteristics of elderly people, disability related to aging and psychological support as part of the rehabilitation

Abstract

This study deals with the presentation of contemporary literature on the psychological characteristics of the elderly and is the first research on this topic in our society. Age is a period of complex life transition. General functioning of the elderly implies a reduction or loss of physical, psychological and social skills which can lead to the development of specific disability associated with aging. The study presents the contemporary research on the subjective sense of well-being, quality of life of the elderly, the subjective assessment of health, social relationships, self-esteem, proactive ways of dealing with stress and the factors that determine them. Special importance is given to the development of disability that is associated with aging and risks of its occurrence. The study deals with the development of psychopathological tendencies in the elderly (depression, anxiety) as well as factors related to this phenomenon. Discussed were the prevention of disability associated with aging and the prevention of development of psychopathology. The last part of the study is dedicated to the work of rehabilitation of the elderly that is bound to providing psychological help. Quoted are various forms of this approach – psychotherapy, counseling, skills training, and programs for psychosocial assistance to the elderly. Conclusion emphasized the need for further research, improved procedures for the examination of the elderly and assessment of efficiency of certain forms of providing psychological help.