Stavovi i socijalna distanca studenata prema osobama sa invaliditetom

Abstract

U savremenom trenutku razvoja naučne misli, pojam stava intenzivno se koristi u vokabularu niza naučnih disciplina društveno-humanističkih nauka. Potencijal pojma stav je višestruk i to je jedan od razloga čestog izučavanja socijalnih stavova u društvenim naukama. Pojam stava ilustruje sveobuhvatni pristup ljudskoj prirodi uključujući integraciju sve tri funkcije – kognitivne, emotivne i konativne. Stavovi su važne determinante naših života, ponajviše zbog toga što su nam gotovo svi aspekti života prožeti stavovima. Pomoću njih izražavamo svoja mišljenja, tražimo od drugih da se izjasne, pokušavamo da promenimo naše, ali i tuđe stavove. Cilj ovog rada je da se analizom literature identifikuju stavovi i socijalna distancau prema osobama sa invaliditetom sa posebnim fokusom na stavove studenata. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćena sva dostupna literatura iz perioda 2000-2020 godina koja se bavi stavovima i socijalnom distancom prema osobama sa invaliditetom. Za pretraživanje literature korišćeni su sledeći pretraživači: Ebscohost, ScienceDirect, Wiley Inter Science i SpringerLink. Rezultati nastali analizom pregledane literature kako naše, tako i inostrane ukazuju na to da studenti medicinskog usmerenja imaju pozitivnije stavove i manju socijalnu distancu prema osobama sa invaliditetom. Ono što je takođe zajedničko u svim pregledanim radovima je uloga i značaj predhodnih kontakata na stavove i socijalnu distancu prema osobama sa invaliditetom.

In the actual moment, the development of attitude term is being used intensively in different disciplines of social sciences. This term’s potential is multiple and that is the reason why social attitudes have been researched frequently in social sciences. Accordingly, this term illustrates the holistic approach of human nature, including three different functions-cognitive, emotive, and conative. Attitudes are very important determents of our lives, mostly because every aspect of our lives is related to them. Thus, attitudes help us express our personal opinions, ask for other people to express their own as well as to attempt influencing both of them. Besides, this thesis aims to identify attitudes and social distance towards people with disabilities using the meta-analysis including a special focus on students and their attitudes referring to this issue. This research also includes all available literature from 2000-2020 related to attitudes and social distance towards people with disabilities. Moreover, the following browsers were used to search for the necessary literature: Ebscohost, ScienceDirect, Wiley Inter-Science, and SpringerLink. The results of the analysis of the reviewed literature, both ours and foreign, indicate that medical students have more positive attitudes and less social distance towards people with disabilities. What is also common in all reviewed works is the role and importance of previous contacts on attitudes and social distance towards people with disabilities.