Uticaj dijabetesa na pojavu tinitusa

Abstract

Uvod: Dijabetes melitus je hronična, progresivna, metabolička bolest koja se karakteriše hiperglikemijom, a nastaje usled smanjene sekrecije insulina, njegovog neadekvatnog dejstva na tkiva ili usled prisustva oba ova poremećaja. Dijabetes dovodi do promene u metabolizmu masti, ugljenih hidrata i proteina. Stalni porast broja obolelih od ove bolesti, ukazuje da dijabetes predstavlja veliki problem javnog zdravlja savremenog društva. Bez obzira na etiologiju, odnosno tip dijabetes melitusa, slične su hronične komplikacije koje se razvijaju nakon dužeg trajanja bolesti i loše metaboličke regulisanosti glikemije. Dijabetes melitus je mogući faktor rizika za nastanak zujanja u ušima. Cilj: Cilj rada je bio da se pregledom savremene literature sagleda uticaj dijabetesa na pojavu tinitusa. Metod: Do relevantnih informacija koje su bitne za rad, došli smo pretragom dostupne elektronske baze podataka PubMed-a. Rezultati: Mnoga istraživanja ukazuju da dijabetes utiče na slušnu funkciju. Utvrđeno je da se oštećenje sluha češće dijagnostikuje kod obolelih od dijabetesa u odnosu na zdravu populaciju. Mikrovaskularne promene unutrašnjeg uva, hiperglikemija u likvoru, auditivna neuropatija, dijabetesna encefalopatija mogu biti uzrok oštećenja sluha i tinitusa kod obolelih od dijabetesa, ali je bitna i genetska predispozicija. Evidentirana je značajna osetljivost kohlee na promene nivoa glikemije u krvi, pri čemu hipoglikemija i hiperglikemija mogu takođe dovesti do nastanka tinitusa i oštećenja sluha. Ispitivanja ukazuju da se učestalost pojave tinitusa kod obolelih od dijabetesa povećava sa starošću i usled prisustva oštećenja sluha. Zaključak: Za lečenje tinitusa kod obolelih od dijabetesa pre svega je neophodna savremena terapija dijabetesa, uz redovnu kontrolu da bi se obezbedila dobra regulisanost glikemije i sprečila pojava hroničnih komplikacija, zatim terapija subjektivnog tinitusa, a kod oštećenja sluha primena slušnih amplifikatora.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, progressive, metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. It occurs due to reduced insulin secretion, insulin’s inadequate effect on tissues or a combination of both of these disorders. Diabetes leads to changes in the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins. The continuous increase in the incidence of diabetes indicates that this disease is a major public health issue in modern society. Regardless of the etiology, i.e. type of diabetes mellitus, similar chronic complications develop after a long duration of the disease and poor metabolic regulation of glycemia. Diabetes mellitus is a possible risk factor for the occurrence of tinnitus. Aim: The aim of the paper is to determine the impact of diabetes on the occurrence of tinnitus by reviewing the contemporary literature. Method: The information relevant to this paper was obtained from the PubMed electronic database. Results: Many studies indicate that diabetes affects auditory function. It has been ascertained that hearing impairment is diagnosed in diabetic patients more often than in the healthy population. Hearing impairment and tinnitus in diabetic patients may be caused by microvascular changes in the inner ear, hyperglycemia in the cerebrospinal fluid, auditive neuropathy, diabetic encephalopathy, as well as a genetic predisposition. A significant sensitivity of the cochlea to changes in blood glycemic levels has been noted, meaning that both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia may cause tinnitus and hearing impairment. Research shows that the incidence of tinnitus in diabetic patients increases with age and the presence of hearing impairment. Conclusion: For the treatment of tinnitus in patients with diabetes, modern diabetes therapy is of utmost importance, with regular checkups to ensure good glycemic regulation and prevent the occurrence of chronic complications, along with the treatment of subjective tinnitus, and, if indicated, the use of hearing amplifiers for hearing impairment.