Teorijsko-konceptualni modeli profesionalnog sagorijevanja

Abstract

Postoje brojni pokušaji da se ponudi teorijsko-konceptualni model sagorijevanja, koji bi imao svoju široku primjenu u odnosu na sve pomagačke profesije i profesionalna okruženja. Cilj ovog rada jeste da ponudi sistematičan prikaz najuticajnijih teorijsko-konceptualnih modela sagorijevanja, u okviru tri različita pristupa ili pravca. Prvi pravac se zasniva na multidimenzionalnoj teoriji sagorijevanja i različitim pristupima konceptualizaciji relacija između tri dimenzije ovog fenomena: emocionalne iscrpljenosti, depersonalizacije i cinizma i smanjenog ličnog postignuća. Riječ je o tradicionalnim modelima sekvencijalnih faza. U okviru drugog pravca modeli profesionalnog sagorijevanja su bazirani na teorijama profesionalnog stresa i konceptu neravnoteže. Treći pravac obuhvata modele koji se razvijaju na osnovu nekih široko prihvaćenih i čvrsto utemeljenih teorija, kao što je sistemska teorija.

There are numerous attempts to offer a kind of a theoretical-conceptual model of job burnout, which would have a wide application in relation to all helping professions and all of the professional contexts. The aim of this paper is to give a systemic review of the most influntial theoretical and conceptual models of job burnout, within three different approaches. The first approach is based on the multidimensional theory of burnout and different conceptualizations of the relationship between the three main dimensions of this phenomenon: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and cynicism, and reduced personal achievement. These are traditional models of sequential phases. The second approach brings together burnout models that are based on theories of occupational stress and the concept of imbalance. Within the third approach there are models of job burnout which are developed from some of widely accepted and firmly grounded psychosocial theories, such as systems theory.