Vrtoglavica kod dece: etiologija i kliničke karatkeristike

Abstract

Vertigo is not a common symptom in the pediatric population. All forms of dizziness that occur in adults can also occur in children, but the incidence of certain forms of dizziness is significantly different in children compared to adults. The etiologic factors that lead to dizziness are numerous. Most often, dizziness in children is caused by chronic secretory otitis. In cases with neat otoscopic findings, it was most commonly benign paroxysmal vertigo (BPV) and migraine. Although rare, brain tumors and neurological diseases are also the cause of central dizziness.Dizziness in childhood can also be caused by head injuries. Peripheral vertigo in a small percentage also occurs vestibular neuronitis, Menier’ s disease and benign paroxysmal position vertigo (BPPV). Due to the possibility of dangerous causes, it is necessary to thoroughly examine every child with headache. Evaluation of dizziness in children requires a detailed history-from child and parents, clinical examination with a battery of audiological and neurootological tests, and if suspected central causes and radiological examinations (magnetic resonance of the brain-MR). The diagnosis of vestibular disorders is difficult in children, since young children cannot clearly describe their symptoms. The aim of this paper was to present different etiological factors and clinical characteristics of vertigo in children based on a review of relevant literature and online databases.

Vertigo nije čest simptom u pedijatrijskoj populaciji. Svi oblici vrtogla- vica koji se javljaju kod odraslih mogu se javiti i kod dece, ali je učestalost pojedinih oblika zanatno drugačija kod dece u odnosu na odrasle. Etiološki faktori koji dovode do vrtoglavica su brojni. Najčešće vrtogla- vica kod dece nastaje zbog hroničnog sekretornog otitisa. U slučajevima sa urednim otoskopskim nalazom, najčeće se radi o benignoj paroksizmalnoj vrto- glavici (BPV) i migreni. Iako se retko pojavljuju, tumori mozga i neurološka oboljenja su takođe uzročnici centralnih vrtoglavica. Vrtoglavice u dečijem uzrastu mogu biti izazvane i povredama glave. Od perifernih vrtoglavica u malom procentu javljaju se i vestibularni neuronitis, Menijerova bolest i be- nigniparoksizmalni pozicioni vertigo (BPPV). Zbog mogućnosti opasnih uzroka neophodno je svako dete sa vroglavicom detaljno ispitati. Evaluacija vrtoglavice kod dece zahteva detaljnu anamnezu-hete- roanamnezu, klinički pregled sa baterijom audioloških i neurootoloških testova, a kod sumnje na cetralne uzroke i radiografske pretrage (magnetnu rezonancumozga-MR). Dijagnostika vestibularnih poremećaja kod dece je oteža- na, s obzirom da mala deca ne mogu jasno da opišu svoje simptome. Cilj ovoga rada je bio da prikaže različite etiološke faktore i kliničke ka- rakteristike vrtoglavice kod dece na osnovu pregleda relevantne literature i internet baza podataka.