Polne i uzrasne specifičnosti slike o sebi adolescenata na smeštaju u ustanovama socijalne zaštite

Abstract

Osnovni cilj istraživanja je sagledavanje specifičnosti polnih i uzrasnih razlika u pogledu slike o sebi kod adolescenata na smeštaju u ustanovama socijalne zaštite, u odnosu na adolescente iz opšte populacije. Uzorkom je obuhvaćeno 47 adolescenata na smeštaju u ustanovama socijalne zaštite i 271 adolescent iz opšte populacije, uzrasta 14-18 godina, oba pola. Za procenu slike o sebi primenjena je Pirs-Harisova skala self-koncepta za decu. Rezultati ukazuju da kod adolescenata na smeštaju u ustanovama socijalne zaštite ne postoje statistički značajne polne razlike u skorovima, dok su u poduzorku adolescenata iz opšte populacije zabeležene statistički značajne polne razlike u skorovima na podskalama Prilagođenost ponašanja (t = -2,11; df = 266,15; p < 0,05), Oslobođenost od anksioznosti (t = 5,89; df = 248,37; p < 0,01), Popularnost (t = 2,00; df = 269; p < 0,05), kao i na Ukupnom skoru (t = 2,36; df = 269; p < 0,05). U poduzorku adolescenata na smeštaju u ustanovama socijalne zaštite nije evidentirana statistički značajna povezanost uzrasta ispitanika i skorova na datom instrumentu, dok je kod adolescenata iz opšte populacije registrovana statistički značajna povezanost uzrasta ispitanika i skorova na podskalama Intelektualni i školski status (r = -0,15; p < 0,05) i Sreća i zadovoljstvo (r = -0,15; p < 0,05), kao i na Ukupnom skoru (r = -0,15; p < 0,05). Dobijeni nalazi upućuju na izvesna odstupanja u polnim i uzrasnim razlikama u pogledu slike o sebi kod adolescenata na smeštaju u ustanovama socijalne zaštite, što se može pripisati delovanju različitih nepovoljnih faktora, karakterističnih za ovu populaciju.

The main goal of the research was to observe sex and age differences in the selfimage of adolescents from residential care facilities, compared to adolescents from general population. The sample included 47 adolescents from residential care facilities and 271 adolescents from general population, ages 14-18, of both sexes. The Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale was used for the assessment of self-image. The results show that there were no statistically significant sex differences in adolescents from residential care facilities, while in the subsample of adolescents from general population, statistically significant sex differences were observed in the scores on the subscales: Behavior Adjustment (t = -2.11; df = 266.15; p < 0.05), Freedom from Anxiety (t = 5.89; df = 248.37; p < 0.01), Popularity (t = 2; df = 269; p < 0.05) as well as in the Total score (t = 2.36; df = 269; p < 0.05). In the subsample of adolescents from residential care facilities there was no statistically significant correlation between the age of the respondents and the scores on the instrument, while in adolescents from general population a statistically significant relation was determined between the respondents’ age and the scores on the subscales Intellectual and School Status (r = -0.15 ; p < 0.05) and Happiness and Satisfaction (r = -0.15; p < 0.05), as well as in the Total Score (r = -0.15; p < 0.05). The obtained findings point to deviations in sex and age differences in the self-image of adolescents from residential care facilities, which can be attributed to the activity of various adverse factors, characteristic of this population.