Povezanost porodične strukture sa internalizovanim i eksternalizovanim problemima adolescenata

Abstract

Kako porodična struktura predstavlja važan faktor za razvoj dece i adolescenata, cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita povezanost porodične strukture (nepotpune, rekonstruisane i potpune porodice) i internalizovanih i eksternalizovanih problema adolescenata, odnosno, da se utvrde razlike u ispoljavanju problema adolescenata u zavisnosti od strukture porodice. Uzorak su činili učenici šestog i sedmog razreda osnovne škole (N = 101) i učenici svih razreda, dve srednje stručne škole (N = 160) u Beogradu, ukupno 261 ispitanik (51% ženskog pola). U okviru kratkog socio-demografskog upitnika, kreiranog za potrebe istraživanja, ispitana je struktura porodice adolescenata, dok su teškoće adolescenata ispitane pomoću četiri subskale Upitnika snaga i teškoća (Goodman, 1997). Subskale hiperaktivnosti i problema u ponašanju su konstruisale skalu eksternalizovanih problema adolescenata (10 ajtema), dok su subskale socijalnih odnosa sa vršnjacima i emocionalnih simptoma grupisane u okviru skale internalizovanih problema (10 ajtema). Kako su rezultati Kolmogorov-Smirnov testa pokazali značajno odstupanje od modela normalne raspodele, za obradu podataka su korišćeni neparametrijski statistički testovi: Man-Vitni i Kraskal-Volis test. Glavni rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na to da se adolescenti iz potpunih i nepotpunih porodica razlikuju na ukupnoj skali teškoća (U = 4395,00, p = 0,001), te da su razlike među grupama adolescenata iz potpunih (Mdn = 1,40, IQR = 0) i nepotpunih porodica (Mdn = 1,55, IQR = 1) vidljive i na skali internalizovanih problema (U = 3728,00, p < 0,02), kao i na skali eksternalizovanih problema (U = 4038,00, p < 0,02) u prilog višim skorovima adolescenata iz nepotpunih (Mdn = 1,80, IQR = 0) u odnosu na adolescente iz potpunih porodica (Mdn = 1,70, IQR = 0). U skladu sa rezultatima istraživanja, u zaključnom segmentu je diskutovano o potrebi dodatne podrške samohranim roditeljima i važnosti preventivnog delovanja selektivnog i indikovanog tipa na probleme ponašanja dece. Takođe, date su preporuke za buduća istraživanja iz ove oblasti.

As the family structure represents an important factor for the development of children and adolescents, the aim of the research was to examine the connection between the family structure (incomplete, reconstructed and complete families) and the internalizing and externalizing problems of adolescents, i.e. to determine differences in the manifestation of adolescent problems depending on the structure of the family. The sample consisted of students of the sixth and seventh grade of elementary school (N = 101) and students of all grades of two secondary vocational schools (N = 160) in Belgrade, a total of 261 respondents (51% female). Within the framework of a short socio-demographic questionnaire created for the purpose of research, the structure of the adolescent family was examined, while the difficulties of adolescents were tested using four subscales of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman, 1997). Subscales of hyperactivity and behavioral problems construct a scale of externalized problems of adolescents (10 items), while subscales of social relationships with peers and of emotional symptoms are grouped within a scale of internalized problems (10 items). As the results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed a significant deviation from the normal distribution model, nonparametric statistical tests were used for processing the data: Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test. The main research results indicate that adolescents from complete and incomplete families differ on the overall difficulty scale (U = 4395.00, p = 0.001), and the differences between adolescent groups from complete (Mdn = 1.40, IQR = 0) and incomplete families (Mdn = (U = 3728.00, p < 0.02) were noticeable both on the scale of internalized (U = 3728.00, p < 0.02), and on the scale of externalized problems (U = 4038.00, p < 0.02) in favor of higher scores of adolescents from incomplete (Mdn = 1.80, IQR = 0) compared to adolescents from complete families (Mdn = 1.70, IQR = 0). In line with the results of the research, the final segment discussed the need for additional support for single parents and the importance of preventive action of selective and indication type on the problems of children’s behavior. Also, recommendations for future research in this area are given.