O upotrebi rečenica sa zavisnim klauzama u pisanom izrazu sedmogodšnjaka

Abstract

Upotreba zavisnih klauza u pisanom izražavanju najčešće služi za merenja relevantna za stepen sintaksičke zrelosti dece određenog uzrasta. Budući da uključivanje zavisnih klauza u strukturu komunikativne rečenice implicira i nivo sintaksičke zrelosti, cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se ispita sposobnost produkcije zavisnih klauza učenika prvog razreda osnovne škole u pisanom diskursu. Uzorak je čiinilo 49 ispitanika koji su pisali po tri različita sastava pa se korpus sastojao od 147 tekstova. Analiza korpusa obuhvatila je i kvantitativne i kvalitativne parametre. Ispitivana je pojava pojedinih tipova klauza i frekvenca njihove upotrebe. Rezultati omogućuju uvid u tipove zavisnih klauza koje produkuju deca na ovom uzrastu bez većih teškoća. Pokazalo se da postoje zavisne klauza koje se javljaju sporadično ili ih uopošte nema. Podatak da deca od svih zavisnih klauza najčešće produkuju izrične i vremenske, a ne upotrebljavaju dopusne ili mesne klauze, potvrđuje činjenicu da se u školskom uzrastu nastavlja kasniji jezički razvoj.

Trying to investigate the process and parameters in later syntactic development and explain the facts about syntactic development (most of all written) throughout schooling, a great number of researchers examined the understanding of subordinate clauses production. Their usage and the readiness of a child to use them in writing are the main source of measurements relevant for the syntactic maturity of texts produced by children at a particular age. Since the inclusion of subordinate clauses in the structure of a communicative sentence implies the higher level of syntactic complexity (and with it a child’s maturity), the basic goal of this paper is to examine the first graders’ ability to produce subordinate clauses in written discourse. Forty nine examinees wrote three various essays, so the corpus consisted of 147 texts. The analysis of the gained material consisted of quantitative (the text length expressed by the number of words, sentences and clauses) and qualitative parameters. The registered and examined occurrence of certain types of subordinate clauses and the frequency of their use was determined. The results enable an insight into the average texts of seven-year-olds, as to the fact what types of subordinate clauses children produce at the age without greater difficulties. Apart from that, the results show that there exist even those types of subordinate clauses that occur sporadically, or they do not occur at all, and which are, in written form, out of their reach. The data that children, at the end of the first grade most commonly produce declarative and temporal clauses out of ten types of subordinate clauses, and that they did not use concessive and place clauses in their texts, proves the fact that even in the period of primary school further language development continues, though more slowly.