Fonološka svesnost kod dece sa nepravilnim izgovorom glasova

Abstract

Cilj istraživanja je utvrđivanje fonološke svesnosti kod dece sa nepravilnim izgovorom glasova. Ispitivani uzorak čini 85-oro dece (42 dečaka i 43 devojčice), uzrasta od šest do sedam godina. Za procenu fonološke svesnosti primenjen je Test glasovne analize i sinteze u rečima (Radičević i Marinković, 1993) i Test za procenu fonološke svesnosti-FONT (Subotić, 2011), dok je za procenu artikulacionih sposobnosti primenjen Globalni artikulacioni test (Kostić, Vladisavljević i Popović, 1983). Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da deca u proseku pravilno izgovaraju 28 glasova srpskog jezika, kao i da su u grupi dece sa nepravilnim izgovorom najučestalije supstitucije (41,2%) i distorzije glasova (26%). Analizom dobijenih rezultata utvrđeno je da su deca postigla najveći uspeh na zadacima prepoznavanja rime (93,6%), slogovne svesnosti (90,1%), analize glasova u rečima (75,4%) i sinteze glasova u rečima od dva sloga (85,3% i 75,3%), dok je najmanji uspeh postignut na zadacima sinteze glasova u rečima od tri i više slogova (33,2%). Daljom analizom rezultata utvrdili smo da su deca sa pravilnim izgovorom glasova bila uspešnija na svim zadacima slogovne svesnosti, sinteze glasova u rečima, kao i eliminacije i supstitucije početnog fonema u odnosu na decu sa nepravilnim izgovorom glasova (p < 0,05). Sa druge strane, između dece sa pravilnim izgovorom i dece sa nepravilnim izgovorom nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike na zadacima prepoznavanja rime i analize glasova u rečima (p > 0,05). Rezultati ovog istraživanja mogu se primeniti u praćenju i proceni tipičnog razvoja, ali i u detekciji poremećaja u cilju poboljšanja u okviru sposobnosti pravilnog izgovora i fonoloških sposobnosti.

The aim of this research was to determine phonological awareness in children with irregular pronunciation of phonemes. Our sample consisted of 85 children (42 boys and 43 girls), six to seven years of age. For the assessment of phonological awareness, the Test of phoneme analysis and synthesis in words (Radičević and Marinković, 1993) and Test for the assessment of phonological awareness-FONT (Subotić, 2011) were applied, while the Global articulation test was applied for the evaluation of articulation abilities (Kostić, Vladisavljević and Popović, 1983). The results showed that children on average correctly pronounced 28 phonemes of the Serbian language, and that in the group of children with irregular pronunciation of phonemes, substitutions (41.2%) and distortions of phonemes (26%) were the most frequent. The analysis of the results showed that children achieved the greatest success in rhymes recognition (93.6%), syllable awareness (90.1%), analysis of phonemes in words (75.4%) and synthesis of phonemes in two-syllable words tasks (85.3% and 75.3%) while the lowest success was achieved in synthesis of phonemes in three or moresyllable words task (33.2%). Further analysis of the results showed that children with correct pronunciation of phonemes were more successful in all tasks of syllable awareness, phoneme synthesis in words, and elimination and substitution of the initial phoneme tasks compared to children with irregular pronunciation of phonemes (p < 0.05). On the other hand, among children with correct pronunciation and children with irregular pronunciation, statistically significant differences in rhyme recognition and phoneme analysis in words (p > 0.05) were not found. The results of this research can be applied in monitoring and evaluation of typical development, but also in detection of disorders in order to improve ability of correct pronunciation and phonological abilities.