Leksikon gluve i nagluve dece osnovnoškolskog uzrasta

Abstract

Rečnik je promenljiva kategorija u svakom jeziku i menja se, razvija i bogati tokom čitavog života. Priroda i veličina rečnika svakog pojedinca uslovljena je uzrastom, iskustvom, stepenom obrazovanja, kao i interesovanjima, sredinom i podsticajima koji iz te sredine dolaze. Gluvi i nagluvi učenici često u svom rečniku imaju nepotpune – nejasne pojmove i pojmove koje gotovo nikada ne koriste. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi razvijenost leksike gluvih i nagluvih učenika uzrasta od 11 do 16 godina. Ispitivali smo i uticaj sredine iz koje dolaze (seoska ili gradska) na razvijenost leksikona. U istraživanju je korišćen Test za ispitivanje leksičke spremno- sti (Dimitrijević i Đorđević, 1978). Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na to da uzrast ima uticaja na raz- vijenost leksikona gluvih i nagluvih (naročito u oblastima zani- manja, odeća i obuća i delovi tela). Srednje visoke pozitivne korelacije između upotrebljenih reči u ispitivanim oblastima, ukazuju na to da učenici koji imaju više pravilno upotrebljenih reči u jednoj navedenoj oblasti, ujedno imaju i više upotrebljenih reči u oblastima sa kojima koreliraju. Sredina iz koje dolaze se nije pokazala kao značajan faktor koji bi uticao na veličinu leksikona.

The vocabulary is a variable category in each language and it changes, develops and is enriched during the entire lifetime. The nature and the extent of vocabulary of an individual depends on age, experience and the level of education as well as of interests, the environment and the stimuli coming from that environment. The deaf and hard of hearing students often have incomplete – unclear terms and terms that they almost never use in their vocabulary. The aim of this research was to establish the development of lexis of deaf and hard of hearing children aged from 11 to 16 and above. We also examined the effect of the environment they come from (rural or urban) on the development on the lexicon. The Test for Examining the Lexical Readiness (Dimitrijević and Đorđević, 1978) was used in the study. The obtained results indicate that the age has an effect on the development of the lexicon of the deaf and the hard of hearing (particularly in the fields of occupation, clothes, footwear and parts of the body). Medium high positive correlations between the used words in the studied fields indicate that the students who have more correctly used words in a mentioned field at the same time have more used words in the fields with which they correlate. The environment they come from did not prove to be an important factor which would have an effect on the extent of the lexicon.